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64 pages 2 hours read

Ernest Hemingway

A Farewell to Arms

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1929

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Book 3, Chapters 31-32Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 3, Chapter 31 Summary

In the river, Frederic must decide how he will get ashore. The current is strong, but he does not remove his clothes or boots because he knows they will be needed once he reaches the shore. He never doubts he will reach it, until he’s forced to let go of the piece of wood that he’s been holding on to. The boots threaten to bring him down, but he struggles through the water until he finally makes it to shore.

He wrings the water out of his clothes and cuts the stars off of his sleeves. He is cold, so he knows he has to keep moving. He sees some troops on the road. He is limping, and they pay no attention to him. Walking along the Venetian plain, he comes to a railway line and is able to get on to a slow-moving train, choosing an open car that is covered with canvas. When he goes under the canvas, he hits his head hard. Underneath the canvas are guns, which he thinks were sent from the Italian First Army.

Book 3, Chapter 32 Summary

Frederic is wet, cold, and hungry. He is happy his knee was able to withstand the journey thanks to Dr. Valentini. He tries not to remember too much, especially about Catherine, because he fears he will go crazy.

He can’t help thinking. He sees very clearly that he is leaving the old life behind. He is not angry any more, but he also feels no sense of obligation. He hopes the best for the Italians: “But it was not my show any more and I wished this bloody train would get to Mestre and I would eat and stop thinking” (200).

He briefly wonders about what news will be reported to the States, assuming they will say he drowned or “dead from wounds and other causes” (200). He also wonders about the priest and Rinaldi, realizing that he would never see any of them again. He then thinks about where he and Catherine will be able to go. He knows she would go with him anywhere.

Book 3, Chapters 31-32 Analysis

These chapters are the turning point of the book. When Frederic comes out of the river, he is, in a sense, reborn. He had cast off his life as a soldier. He has said a “farewell to arms.” He realizes that he can no longer continue his old life. He has no more anger; he wishes his Italian brothers well. He knows he will never see his friends, the priest and Rinaldi, ever again, but he is a changed man. He focuses on Catherine, and the new life that he will create with her.

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