55 pages • 1 hour read
Louise PennyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Armand, Reine-Marie, Claude, and Monique go over the information about the board of GHS Engineering. They’re surprised to find that the board is comprised of powerful politicians, minor royalty, and literary celebrities—but no scientists or engineers.
Jean-Guy takes a walk to clear his mind. He senses that he’s being followed, and nearly catches the man before the man runs away. Jean-Guy pursues him but can’t scale the wall the man so easily leaps over. The man is none other than Loiselle.
Armand abruptly ends the evening with Claude and Monique when he gets off the phone with Jean-Guy. Claude had promised to provide Annie with police protection. Claude leaves with Stephen’s laptop.
Armand and Reine-Marie go to Jean-Guy’s apartment. He tells them about the chase as Annie wakes up and joins the conversation. Jean-Guy shows them the original security footage revealing Claude sitting with Madame Roquebrune in the Hotel George V. Reine-Marie tells them about her conversation with Monique about the matching cologne Claude and Fontaine wear. They discuss how odd it is that Fontaine would have old records from World War II ready at hand so quickly, noting that she must have already been looking for something to hold over Stephen’s head. Then Annie reveals what she knows about Alex Plessner to the family. Alex Plessner had worked with her law firm to draw up an agreement for a partnership with Banque Privée des Affaires’s venture capitalism division, which is where Daniel works. What’s more, Daniel’s name is on the incorporation certificate, proving that he knew Alex Plessner.
Reine-Marie convinces Armand, who is upset about Daniel, to wait until morning before speaking with his son. Armand sleeps well and takes an early morning walk, contemplating the mystery of Paris. He returns to breakfast with Reine-Marie before heading over to Daniel’s. He tells her about Stephen’s will, which leaves a sum to a foundation, to Mrs. McGillicuddy, and several million to each of the Gamaches.
Reine-Marie goes to the Archives nationales, where the head of the Archives, Allida Lenoir, helps her find documents from 1944. Meanwhile, Armand goes to Daniel’s apartment. He plays with his granddaughters for a bit and tells them the story behind everyone’s name, that Daniel means “the Lord is my judge.” He and Daniel amiably go for a walk. But when Armand confronts him with the truth about Alex Plessner, Daniel gets defensive. He accuses Armand of choosing a dangerous job over his family. Daniel tells him about how as a child he overheard Armand telling Reine-Marie about joining the special forces team, triggering years of nightmares about Armand’s death. Armand tries to comfort Daniel, but Daniel storms off.
Annie and Jean-Guy move into Stephen’s suite at the Hotel George V to be safer. A policeman stands guard at their door, but when Jean-Guy leaves the hotel he sees that Loiselle has followed them. Jean-Guy moves around until Loiselle is close enough to grab. He pats him down, takes his gun, and brings him into the backroom of a boutique. Loiselle doesn’t fight back. Loiselle tells him he recognized him and Armand from a video former SecurForte agents watch to remind them what they lost: a video of Gamache leading his agents into a bloodbath in a factory. Loiselle informs Jean-Guy that SecurForte is more powerful than he can imagine, that they are worried he will find whatever it is they’re looking for first.
Reine-Marie discusses the troubled history of World War II with Allida. Allida tells her how difficult it is to determine who was pretending to be friends with the Nazis for information for the Resistance and who was actually a Nazi. When Reine-Marie asks Allida when the last time someone accessed the records of Stephen Horowitz, Allida reveals that five weeks before, Daniel Gamache had been the one to find the photo of a young Stephen at the Hotel Lutetia. She calls Armand to meet her at the Archives.
Armand takes Reine-Marie to a crowded restaurant to talk without being overheard by whoever is surely following them. They agree that Daniel couldn’t have been the one to find Stephen’s photograph in the Archives. Armand suggests that someone like Fontaine could have planted his name to divert attention from herself and threaten the Gamache family.
Jean-Guy brings Loiselle to the top of the Eiffel Tower to meet with Séverine Arbour, also with the intention to not be overheard. He asks Séverine about the Luxembourg project, but she tells him that the real problem is the Patagonia project. She reveals that mining equipment has been sent by their company to mine a rare earth material that was found there. She suggests that the Luxembourg project is simply a cover up to get money to pay off the Patagonia project.
Reine-Marie calls Daniel and asks him to move into the Hotel George V suite with Annie and her family, for safety. He agrees and is surprised by the tough police officer with his machine gun guarding the door. It prompts Daniel into understanding how grave the situation is and what his father is truly trying to protect. Reine-Marie and Armand go to the Louvre to meet with a curator at the suggestion of someone back home in Québec.
Jean-Guy brings Séverine and Loiselle to the GHS Engineering office to look through Madame Gossette’s office. They are interrupted by Thierry Girard, head of security at GHS and recognizable to Jean-Guy as the third man at the table in the Hotel Lutetia with Claude and Madame Roquebrune. Daniel goes to Fontaine’s office to tell her the truth about his professional relationship with Alex Plessner. Fontaine isn’t altogether surprised, but she lets him leave quickly.
Reine-Marie and Armand bring the curator from the Louvre, Professor Bernard de la Coutu, to Stephen’s apartment to examine his paintings. Bernard confirms Armand’s secret suspicion that Stephen’s priceless art is in fact fake. Bernard also confirms that Stephen had indeed bought originals, so these copies must have been implanted by people who stole the originals while Stephen was away from Paris. Later, at Bar Joséphine, Armand receives a text from Mrs. McGillicuddy confirming that the paintings at Stephen’s place on Montreal are also fakes. Armand suggests to Reine-Marie that Stephen had sold the paintings. He had discovered that Stephen had been siphoning billions of dollars to Alex Plessner over the span of years, likely money he had from selling his artwork. Armand speculates that Stephen and Alex had been using that money to buy into small companies owned by a larger company like GHS Engineering. A few weeks before, money had been wired that would be available in Daniel’s bank, though Armand is doubtful that Daniel knew much about what Stephen was really doing. Suddenly worried that Stephen and Alex were killed for slowly taking financial control over GHS Engineering’s smaller companies, they try to find Daniel, worried that he is also a target. Armand traces Daniel on his phone and finds him in Stephen’s hospital room.
Armand, Reine-Marie, Annie, Jean-Guy, Séverine, and Daniel meet in the suite of Hotel George V to discuss all they know so far. Though Armand notes that they are certainly being listened into, he wants whoever is listening to know that they know it all. Daniel looks over Stephen’s documents and confirms that he can’t recognize any of the companies he was looking at. Armand tells him that Stephen had been planning to attend the board meeting for GHS Engineering, but Daniel insists he wouldn’t have been able to enter unless he paid someone on the board for their position, possibly also with information about something imminently controversial about the company.
Armand, Reine-Marie, Séverine, Daniel, and Jean-Guy receive a key from the hotel manager so they can go down to the basement where there are no cameras and no way of being overheard. They speculate that Stephen stayed at Hotel George V because this luxury hotel would also house the visiting board members for GHS Engineering’s upcoming meeting. Reine-Marie goes back upstairs to ask the manager, and she finds out that they are all staying and meeting at the Hotel Lutetia.
Jean-Guy tells them about Loiselle’s conversation with him regarding wanting to betray SecurForte. They debate if Loiselle is trustworthy or not. Jean-Guys informs Armand that a man named Thierry Girard oversees SecurForte, and Armand is shocked. Thierry used to be Claude’s second-in-command. It occurs to Armand: “It looked like Claude Dussault had quietly taken over as head of SecurForte, with Thierry Girard back as his loyal second-in-command. Running the day-to-day operations of the private army, while Dussault remained at the head of the Préfecture. His power absolute” (318). It also dawns on them that the second-in-command who had given Claude the same cologne must be Thierry, clearing Fontaine of suspicions of wrongdoing.
The concierge passes a note to Armand. Loiselle has looked through Carole Gossette’s files and found the term “Neodymium,” a rare earth element. Jean-Guy and Reine-Marie go back to Archives to learn more about the Board members’ histories, and Jean-Guy spots a drone following them. Daniel heads over to the Banque Privée des Affaires where he uses Armand’s JSPS card to get in. Séverine and Armand go to the Lutetia, where Armand spots important people from the GHS Engineering Board of Directors.
At the Archives, Reine-Marie and Jean-Guy focus their search on what AFP (found in Stephen’s notes) could mean besides Alexander Francis Plessner. They find two board members with AFP initials one of whom, Alain Flaubert Pinot, is remembered by the Chief Librarian for being silly and unintelligent. Upon further digging, they discover that Alain Pinot had gone to university in Montréal and had invested money in Agence France-Presse.
Daniel discovers what Stephen was going to do with his billions but is interrupted.
Séverine and Armand’s online search on Neodymium doesn’t reveal anything unethical. Neodymium is mostly found in China, so if there is a mine of it in South America, Western governments wouldn’t have to deal with China for it. The rare earth material supports construction of magnets and technology. Armand remembers the nickels they had found in Stephen’s belongings, nickels that seemed glued together but couldn’t be ripped apart. He leaves the Lutetia with Séverine to go to his meeting with Claude, still unsure if Séverine is on his side or not.
Reine-Marie figures out that the numbers on Stephen’s card could be dates, so she searches the Agence France-Presse using the same numbers. She finds a story about Anik Guardiola, a reporter for the AFP who went missing in Patagonia and was later found dead in a gorge without her phone or computer. Jean-Guy suspects that she was murdered for finding out information, then her proof was confiscated.
Armand and Séverine head to Armand’s apartment, where he has kept Stephen’s box of belongings. He is surprised to find that someone has planted a gun in the box. He hides the gun and shows Séverine the coins stuck together. But the screws, the coins, and a wrench in the box don’t magnetize each other, though Armand had hoped there would be a sign of neodymium. Armand brings Séverine to the Archives to stay with Reine-Marie and Jean-Guy while he meets with Claude.
Armand’s son Daniel is revealed by Penny to be problematically involved in whatever has happened to Alex and Stephen. That Daniel lied to Fontaine about knowing Alex Plessner is a curious and important twist in the story. Though it may be true that Daniel knew Plessner only by name and nothing more, Fontaine knows about Daniel’s financial dealings with Plessner through his company, which could explain why Dussault and Fontaine are suspicious of the Gamache family in the first place. However, Daniel’s lie seems to be more about acting irrationally as opposed to actual malice or wrongdoing. Still, his knowledge of Plessner and his access to Plessner’s finances make Daniel a possible suspect or at the very least very much in danger from whoever did kill Plessner. That there could be even a seed of suspicion against Inspector Gamache’s own son is a masterful twist, because it emphasizes Armand’s battle with discovering how the people you think are good may just end up being bad.
Daniel’s predicament is heightened by his new economic ascendence and his fractured relationship with his father. Daniel finally reveals the reason for being emotionally distant and resentful of his father, but the source of this fissure is based on a misunderstanding. For years, Daniel has believed that his father would rather choose dangerous work over being with his family, when in fact the conversation Daniel overheard between Armand and Reine-Marie was about Armand being cautious in his work. That it took Daniel so many years to reveal this to his father is proof that Daniel is not a forthcoming person. Characterizing Daniel as secretive or aloof allows Penny to make more believable the possibility that Daniel knows something he shouldn’t about Plessner and Stephen.
In a conversation with Armand’s grandchildren about the meanings behind names, Penny reveals that “Daniel” means “The Lord is my judge.” The symbolism behind Daniel’s name adds yet another layer to Daniel’s characterization and the development of suspense in the novel. Daniel initially doesn’t want to talk to his father about what he knows about Plessner because he believes that Armand judges him too harshly, that Armand is closer to Jean-Guy because they understand one another better. Daniel’s attitude towards coming clean to Armand and Fontaine may be metaphorical to his name—only the Lord can judge Daniel. In a way, this symbolism is ominous because it means that Daniel is withdrawn from his family, and therefore potentially involved in dangerous misdeeds.
Another important symbolic message is Thomas Hobbes’s quote “Hell is the truth seen too late.” There is so much that Armand has potentially seen too late: the truth about Claude or Fontaine or Séverine, the reason behind his mysterious rift with Daniel, maybe even the reality of Stephen’s past. Now, Armand is forced to deal with these late truths in a tight timeframe, emphasizing the hellish frenetic energy of revealing each new truth. The quote is particularly interesting given that Hobbes was a philosopher who focused on the idea of the social contract. In All the Devil Are Here, social contracts are broken left and right. Colleagues, friends, maybe even family members who have co-existed with certain boundaries and understandings are suddenly not to be trusted.
By this point in the novel, Paris acts as both a setting and a character. As a setting, Paris is ideal for the winding twists and turns of the narrative. Paris is a city of historic streets and modern buildings, a setting in which old meets new in a complex and diverse environment. Such a space allows for many mysteries, both past and present. The background of Paris’s history with the Nazi invasion of France is as important as the contemporary status of Paris’s globally successful companies. The setting of Paris parallels the mysterious nature of Stephen Horowitz’s past and current conflict, but it also mimics the tone of mystery in the novel. When Armand and Daniel go for a walk, Daniel unleashes his years of resentment on his father in the park of Rue de Rosiers. The sign outside the park declares: “Enc as de tempête, ce jardin sera fermé,” which translates to: “In case of a storm, this garden is closed.” As the skies turn grey above them, a metaphorical storm ensues between Armand and Daniel. This park emphasizes the effect of Paris as a setting that parallels the conflict between the characters. As comfortable as the Gamache family is in Paris, they still feel like outsiders. The French tend to look down on them for being French-Canadians. This outsider status in Paris helps Armand and his family keep a level, objective understanding of the French people, culture, and history they navigate through the mystery of Stephen’s attack. Paris is characterized with so many personified details, and it is also a mystery of its own. Paris is therefore both setting and symbolic character throughout All the Devils Are Here.
The tension in this section of the novel is enhanced by the plot twists, misunderstandings, and psychologies of the characters. Daniel’s potential connection to Alex Plessner is a crucial plot twist, as is the introduction of Loiselle. Loiselle is a curious character for the reader to figure out. On the one hand, he has a convincing story about feeling immoral in his work, but on the other hand it seems incredulous that he would betray such the dangerous organization he works for. Loiselle helps the Gamache family, but is it possible that he is only helping in order to trick them into trusting him? His stalking of Jean-Guy and sudden turn to helping Jean-Guy is suspicious indeed. The plot twist of Loiselle’s changing alliances foreshadows conflict and may confirm the goodness that characterizes Jean-Guy and Armand.
The other major plot twist in these chapters is the revelation of Stephen’s finances. He liquidated all his assets, a significant move from an enormously wealthy man. His priceless paintings are revealed to be fakes, possibly replaced by people who had been stealing his art and replacing his real work with the paintings. This curious turn is still not wholly understandable to Armand and Jean-Guy, but it is a plot twist that points to serious trouble and a conflict that has been going on longer than Armand could have previously thought.
Misunderstandings inform the mystery in this novel. Is Loiselle an enemy or an ally? Is Séverine an innocent cog in a machine, or an active criminal? Is GHS Engineering hiding something dire, or are they ruthlessly intimidating the competition? Is Claude involved in the attack on Stephen, or is he an honest detective pursuing all leads? Is Stephen a Nazi sympathizer, or a former member of the French Resistance? These questions are crucial because Armand has not been able to make firm decisions on any of them. The ultimate truth behind these questions can determine the safety of Armand and his family. This indecision also keeps the reader engaged in the layers of the mystery. As long as Armand is fighting to figure out the pieces of this intricate puzzle, the readers are also on a high-stakes adventure. Watching Armand grapple with the possibility that his nearest and dearest could be involved in an international crime motivates the reader to reflect on the trustworthiness of the world around them, an important effect of the mystery novel.
By Louise Penny