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48 pages 1 hour read

Waris Dirie

Desert Flower: The Extraordinary Journey of a Desert Nomad

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1998

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Symbols & Motifs

Desert Flower

Waris in Somali means desert flower. Dirie remembers seeing the beautiful Somali desert flowers bloom after a period of rain and wondering at the fact that they had laid dormant, waiting for rain, only to bloom suddenly into beauty: “In the days after the rains, the savannahs blossom with golden flowers, and the grasslands turn green” (36).

The desert flower is a symbol of resilience and the existence of beauty despite hardship. It is apt that Dirie is named for these flowers, as she, too, demonstrates resilience in surviving a brutally challenging childhood in the Somali desert and a completely different world as a model in the Western world. Her use of Desert Flower as her memoir’s title showcases how this theme of resilience is central to the book.

Watches

Dirie refuses to wear a watch, even though she sometimes is late to or entirely misses shoots or meetings as a model in London, Milan, Paris, and New York. For Dirie, watches symbolize the fact that in the Western world, “everyone is bankrupt of time” (223). She believes that the incessant demands on people’s time through meetings, social plans, and work infringe on one’s peace and well-being.

She contrasts the rushed Western way of life with her childhood in Somalia, where people decided in the morning what needed to be done and completed tasks without adherence to strict schedules. She writes, “We lived by the seasons and the sun, planning our moves around our need for rain, planning our day around the span of daylight available” (25). She believes that this simpler and quieter pace—which places “emphasis on living in the present” (24)—leads to a more contented and less stress-filled life. Therefore, she tries to continue living her life at the pace she learned in her childhood in Africa, even though it causes complications for her career and her social life in the Western World.

Female Genital Mutilation

Dirie articulates that FGM is a symbol of men’s desire for control, specifically, men’s desire to own and control women and their sexuality. Dirie explains that in Somalia, the practice of FGM comes from men’s “obsession with their territory— their possessions— and women fall into that category both culturally and legally” (224). She likens the practice to the constant tribal and civil wars that dominate the country, which she says are driven by “the ego, selfishness, and aggression of men” (224).

Dirie hopes to change the perception of women as chattel in Somalia as part of her efforts to abolish FGM, but this continues to be a challenging status quo to change. Somalia has the highest cases of FGM globally, with 98% of girls aged five to eleven having experienced the most brutal form of FGM: Type 3 (infibulation) (Maware, Walter. “Female Genital Mutilation: A Daily Grim Reality for Girls in Somalia.” Relief Web, 2023).

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