logo

50 pages 1 hour read

Lois Lowry

Gossamer

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2006

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 8-14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 8 Summary

The next morning, the woman asks Toby how they will “deal with an angry boy” (33), as it turns out that the letter she received was offering her the opportunity to foster a boy. She had offered to foster a little girl because she thought that she would be able to share her interests in knitting, reading, gardening, and baking with her. The 72-year-old knows that this hypothetical little girl would come from a difficult background and perhaps have behavioral problems, but she felt prepared for this eventuality because she was a handful for her mother when she was a child. She considers the rules she’ll have to set for things like bedtime, homework, and chores. The woman wonders aloud, “[w]hat does an eight-year-old have to be angry about?” (34). Although she considers refusing to take in the boy, she reminds herself that the arrangement is only for a few weeks. She informs Toby that a boy named John will arrive on Friday and that they will need to be patient with him.

Chapter 9 Summary

Thin Elderly recognizes his student’s cleverness and creativity as positive traits. As Littlest One’s training continues, she learns more about the woman who owns their assigned house. For example, touching the dishes the woman inherited from her mother reveals a memory of a time when her mother indulged her refusal to eat her vegetables.

In another colony, a dream-giver named Strapping is assigned to a sad woman who lives in a dilapidated apartment and chain-smokes. The assignment is meant to be a punishment for inattentiveness and complaining, but Strapping grows fond of the woman and scrounges up positive memories so that he can give her pleasant dreams. Dream-givers are taught that dishes are a good place to gather happy memories, but the woman’s dishes contain “fear fragments that involved smashing and breaking, tears and threats” (38). He often returns to a chipped seashell that contains some of the woman’s happiest memories, and he strains to gather as many details from the object as possible. One night, he learns that a boy named John found the shell. The woman cries out the boy’s name in her sleep in a voice that suggests she has suffered “a terrible loss” (41).

Chapter 10 Summary

John takes an instant dislike to the woman when he arrives because she calls him Johnny, but he’s learned how to hide his feelings behind an expressionless mask. The furnishings of her home look ugly and old-fashioned to him, and he’s annoyed to see that she doesn’t own a television. When he pokes at the piano’s keys, the woman says that she used to give music lessons and offers to teach him, but he responds with a shrug. He corrects her when she calls him by the nickname again, and she apologizes and calls him John. He’s had negative experiences at his previous foster placements, including being hit by adults and bullied by other children. As a result, he expects the woman to hit him and try to make him cry.

Toby shies away from John, and the boy likes this reaction because instilling fear gives him a feeling of power. The woman gives him a biscuit for Toby and then goes to say goodbye to the social worker who brought John. While she’s distracted, John offers the biscuit to the dog and then pulls it away. He puts the biscuit in his pocket so that he can continue toying with Toby’s trust later.

Chapter 11 Summary

Unlike dream-givers, Sinisteeds have no rules and rarely need to sleep. The merciless equine entities select John as a target. Most Ancient calls a meeting and warns the Heap that the Sinisteeds are on the prowl and may converge on a single victim as a Horde. This calamity occurs so rarely that he is the only one in the colony old enough to remember the last time it happened. Other dream-givers have detected ominous signs as well, such as nightmares and scorch marks in their assigned houses. Particularly strong dream-givers, such as the muscular Trooper and the formidable Dowager, can ward off a Sinisteed, and Most Ancient encourages the members of his colony to be vigilant and ask for backup as needed. As the dream-givers disperse to begin their work for the night, Littlest One whispers, “Sinisteeeeed.” Thin Elderly shakes his head at her, and she nervously holds onto his hand as they leave the Heap.

Chapter 12 Summary

John complains about the lack of television and video games in the woman’s house, and he threatens to run away when she suggests that they read or play board games together. She tells him that she won’t force him to stay, reminds him that it’s storming, and encourages him to spend the night so that he can have “a nice dinner and a warm bed” (51). He agrees to stay because she has meatloaf and ice cream, and he begrudgingly suggests that they play a card game called “war” together.

Chapter 13 Summary

Thin Elderly and Littlest One hide in a hallway as a Sinisteed approaches their assigned house. Thin Elderly explains that Sinisteeds burn entrances into homes with their scorching breath, and he tells his student that they have no choice but to let the menacing creature inflict a nightmare on one of the humans because they are not strong enough to fight it. Littlest One heard the boy crying earlier in the night, so she hopes that the Sinisteed will spare him. The Sinisteed looks like a massive horse with bloodshot eyes and a filthy coat, and it goes into John’s room without paying any heed to the dream-givers. Its hissing breath envelops the sleeping boy’s head like steam, and then it leaves with a triumphant whinny. Thin Elderly hopes to undo the damage with a calming dream, but he’s too late. The sleeping boy cries out, “Don’t let him get me!” (57). The two dream-givers dissolve into invisibility as the woman hurries down the hall. She awakens the boy from his nightmare and reassures him that he’s safe. To soothe him back to sleep, she takes inspiration from the pink seashell he brought with him and tells him a story about a beautiful day at the beach. Thin Elderly urges Littlest One, “Gather your best fragments. We must strengthen him” (58).

Chapter 14 Summary

The morning after the Sinisteed gives him a nightmare, John complains about the cereal the woman gives him for breakfast, so she makes him toast instead. He asks her about the framed photograph of a soldier she keeps on the piano. She explains that the man was a friend of hers when she was very young and that he died in France during the war. During this conversation, John asks purposely hurtful questions, such as whether the man grew to hate her or was murdered. He says that he knows someone who was murdered, expresses interest in acquiring a gun, and kicks Toby when the woman isn’t looking. Their conversation shifts to the dog, and the woman says that Toby still has several years left to live and that she will always want him. John takes a dimmer view, suggesting that she beats the dog when he misbehaves and that one day he’ll make her so angry that she’ll “give him to some jerk with no TV” (63).

Chapters 8-14 Analysis

In the novel’s second section, Lowry sets up the main conflicts by introducing John and his mother. Both of these new characters are survivors of abuse undergoing The Journey of Personal Growth and Resilience because John’s father was verbally and physically abusive to them. He doesn’t appear directly in the novel, but he poses an obstacle to their efforts to build new lives by haunting his ex-wife and son’s memories and nightmares. Lowry introduces John’s mother in Chapter 9, describing her as “a thin, sad woman who lived there alone and lit one cigarette from the end of the previous one” (39). This description emphasizes her poverty and despondency, but she summons her resilience and improves her circumstances as the story continues.

John first appears in Chapter 10, and Lowry quickly establishes his need for growth by showing how trauma influences his character traits, including his anger and bitterness toward others: “He liked it when things were scared of him. It gave him power” (45). Because John has been hurt and betrayed in the past, he distrusts everyone around him and takes satisfaction in making others share his pain and fear. Lowry uses free indirect discourse to convey his bitter perspective: “[H]e wandered into the next room, an ugly room with old-fashioned furniture and framed photographs of grouchy, old-fashioned people wearing stupid clothes” (43). The narrator’s descriptions take on John’s voice and are tainted by John’s anger, rendering his surroundings ugly and unwelcoming. John’s strong feelings of anger and hatred toward everything and everyone around him make it clear that he needs Littlest One’s help to achieve personal growth and healing.

Lowry offers more insight into the elderly woman’s backstory in this chapter. For example, her love for the soldier who died in France, likely during World War II, explains why she never married and had children of her own despite her fondness for her grandnieces and grandnephews. In addition, her observation that she was “a handful” as a child who “needed a patient mother” creates a sense of empathy between her and the troubled John (33). The elderly woman highlights The Role of Empathy and Compassion in Addressing Trauma by soothing John back to sleep after he has a nightmare about his abusive father chasing him in Chapter 13 and by remaining calm despite his goading in Chapter 14. Although John struggles to trust and reciprocate the woman’s kindness at first, her compassion helps him to cope with his trauma.

The dream-givers advance the theme of The Healing Power of Happy Memories through their efforts to help survivors of domestic abuse. For example, Strapping’s “tiny, invisible good deed” allows John’s mother to relive joyful memories with her son (39). These pleasant dreams offer temporary relief from the pain of her past, ease the loneliness of her present, and increase her hope for her future with her son. Similarly, Littlest One and Thin Elderly are attentive to John’s trauma and the ways that nightmares exacerbate his problems. Although Littlest One cannot fight the Sinisteeds directly, she strengthens John against their attacks, which attests to the power of dreams and memories.

Lowry presents a new symbol in these chapters: the seashells that represent John’s connection with his mother. The young woman keeps “a broken seashell on a shelf” (38), and John has “a delicate pink seashell” on his bedside table (58). The boy and his mother collected these shells during a day at the beach, a rare moment of joy and peace unmarred by the presence of John’s father. Like the shells themselves, John’s relationship with his mother is fragile yet precious. The two characters take comfort from the shells through the dreams Strapping gives the mother and the bedtime story the elderly woman tells John. This shows that John and his mother are in one another’s thoughts even though they are separated at this time. The symbolic seashells figure prominently in the climax and resolution.

Lowry increases the novel’s suspense when depicting the Sinisteeds. For example, she introduces the concept of a Horde of Sinisteeds in Chapter 11: “Over the years, occasionally, they have focused on one victim, someone particularly helpless. Then they mass and descend” (49). This foreshadows the Horde’s attack on John during the novel’s climax. In addition, Lowry uses sensory imagery to describe the Sinisteeds: “Their constant pawing and snorting is accompanied by an atmosphere of foul-smelling sweat, for they glisten with it” (47). By juxtaposing the sensory experience of the Sinisteeds with the pleasant experience of the dream-givers’ dreams, Lowry creates a vivid and menacing portrait of the threat looming over John. The first time that a Sinisteed gives the boy a nightmare, a simile comparing its exhalation to “an engine releasing steam” evokes a sense of the creature’s frightful power (56). By using these literary devices, Lowry conveys the danger that the Sinisteeds pose to John’s healing and the protagonist’s mission.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text