49 pages • 1 hour read
Bapsi SidhwaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Four-year-old Lenny describes the streets that form the boundary of her world, as her Ayah pushes her in a pram. It is 1942 in Lahore, India. She wears a brace on her right leg; she cannot walk well and tires easily, having been stricken with polio as a baby. She lives on Warris Road, close to her “Electric-aunt” and cousin, and her Godmother (11). These are the people she visits on her daily rounds among her relatives and in her visits to the Queen’s Park with her 18-year-old, stunningly beautiful Hindu ayah, who is simply referred to as “Ayah” (nursemaid) throughout the novel.
Lenny’s right leg receives a cast from her Parsee doctor, Colonel Bharucha, which does not change the twisted appearance of her foot, much to her relief. Next, she depicts the surgery on her right leg, which causes her great pain; she wakes up again with her right leg in a cast. Her greatest fear is that she will lose the ability to use the appearance of her leg to gain people’s sympathy.
Lenny adores her Ayah. Her Godmother provides a “haven” and the warmth that Lenny’s beautiful but distant mother cannot give her (11). Lenny is pampered and adored by her Godmother and Ayah in turn. On the other hand, she is challenged by Slavesister (Godmother’s sister) and her brother, Adi. For a short time, Lenny attends school; she runs and plays happily with the other children.
The gorgeous Ayah is pursued by all of the men she becomes acquainted with, particularly during her daily outings with Lenny to Queen’s Park, but she maintains a cheerful friendliness with them all as they compete for her affection. Chief among her admirers are the Ice-candy-man (a Muslim), the masseur (a Hindu, called simply Masseur by Lenny), the Sikh zoo attendant, Sher Singh, and the butcher, who is also Muslim.
When Lenny is recovered enough from her surgery, Ayah wheels Lenny in her pram to the zoo. While the zoo attendant flirts with Ayah, Lenny fearfully eyes the lion in his cage. The lion at the zoo haunts Lenny’s dreams.
Lenny’s mother and father have been married for about 6 years; her mother adores her father, calling him “Jana,” from the word “jan,” meaning “life.” Lenny appreciates her deformity because only she is allowed to sleep with her mother, a coveted intimacy.
Lenny and her mother are awakened early one morning by Ayah, whose real name, we learn, is Shanta (21). Papoo, the daughter of the Sethis’ sweeper, Moti, has again been beaten unmercifully by her mother, Muccho. Ayah carries Lenny, who is still wearing the heavy cast from her recent surgery, as Lenny’s mother rushes to the Sethi children’s nursery, where Papoo lies unconscious, pale, and lifeless. Lenny’s mother ensures that Papoo goes to the hospital; Papoo stays there for two weeks for a concussion. Normally cheeky, defiant, and full of life, Papoo is about 8 years old, but she is Lenny’s size—malnourished, small for her age, and grossly mistreated by her mother.
Lenny’s parents take her to Colonel Bharucha’s to have the cast removed. To Lenny’s relief, her foot remains “gratifyingly abnormal” (24). Her worst nightmare would be to lose the precious deformity that brings her so much attention and special treatment. However, when her parents lament her inability to attend school like other children, Colonel Bharucha reassures them that she will live a happy and fulfilled life as a wife and mother, and that there is “no need to strain her with studies and exams” (25). Furthermore, he blames the British for bringing polio into India. Shocked, Lenny hears her first criticism of the British and of their governing of India. Only 200 Parsee live in Lahore, with only 120,000 world-wide, and typically, the Colonel encourages the community to safely adapt to their environment: “ ‘hunt with the hounds and run with the hare!’ ” (28). The idea that the Colonel, the de-facto leader of the Parsee community in Lahore, would talk of independence and British failings foreshadows the coming Quit India independence movement.
On the way to Queen’s Park for a daily outing, Lenny witnesses the Salvation Army band exiting its compound. To her, the band looks like "a slick red and white caterpillar”: a disturbing vision (28). At the park, Ayah’s many admirers gather around her, and Lenny learns to understand the subtle clues and communication among the men vying for Ayah’s attention and between Ayah and various men. Lenny comments that this is how she learns to be observant and to understand the undercurrents of communication between men and women, including sexuality. After all, “Things love to crawl underneath Ayah’s sari” (28). Ayah’s admirers and friends include men from all faiths and all walks of life: the cook from a grand English hotel, a Hindu masseur, the Muslim Ice-candy-man, the Sikh zookeeper, and a gardener.
Lenny’s cousin also teaches her many things, most memorably showing her his genitals and allowing her to shock herself with electricity.
At age 5, Lenny reports that she suddenly notices that she has a brother, Adi, who is 4 years old. He is as beautiful as she is ugly; she strives to get and hold his attention, but often fails. He goes to regular school, and he leads a life separate from hers.
Now that cold weather is arriving with winter, the Ice-candy-man changes professions and identity: now he sells parrots. Though the Ice-candy-man takes Ayah, along with Lenny and Adi, to restaurants, and attempts to woo her in other ways, Ayah only tolerates him: “With his thuggish way of inhaling from the stinking cigarettes clenched in his fist, his flashy scarves and reek of jasmine attar, he represents a shady, almost disreputable type” (37). When he holds Adi upside down by his ankle, threatening to drop him unless Ayah consents to go to the movies with him, she consents, to save Adi, but then chases the Ice-candy-man off by hitting him with her sandal.
In the summer, the Sethi family goes to the Murree at the foot of the Himalayas to escape the heat. This summer, in May 1944, they hear the announcement of the end of WWII in Europe over the radio. The family returns to Lahore to attend a Jashan prayer celebration. The heat in the city is incredible, over 116˚ F. After the religious ceremony, Colonel Bharucha gives a rousing speech in which he encourages the Parsees to side with whatever majority group ends up ruling Lahore. independence, long promised by the British to arrive at the conclusion of WWII, will soon arrive.
Lenny’s consciousness forms the way that the reader views the world around her. Consequently, the voice of her privileged, wealthy position within her social and political world forms the backdrop against which all the events in the novel are viewed, filtered, processed, and explained. Lenny, though very young, has a self-possessed, intelligent, and observant demeanor and consciousness.
Ayah is simply referred to by this name, the equivalent of “nanny,” throughout the novel. She is pursued by nearly all of the men she becomes acquainted with, but she attempts to maintain a cheerful friendliness with them all as they compete for her affection. By giving Ayah only a title, Sidhwa creates a universal figure: Ayah represents all young, beautiful, sensual women, specifically Hindu women. Her eventual fate echoes that of millions of women during the violence of Partition.
In the background of Lenny’s operation to heal her leg and her relationships with her family and her beloved Ayah and Godmother, Lenny hears the rumblings of the political and social upheaval to come with Partition. At the end of WWII, she realizes that an unconscious fear has stalked her childhood—along with her violent nightmares of lions and soldiers in the night—and that it is now gone.