41 pages • 1 hour read
Charles SheldonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Rachel Winslow and Virginia Page meet the day after the Sunday of the pledge for lunch to continue the discussion they began the previous day. Rachel informs Virginia that she is going to refuse an offer for a place in a traveling opera because she cannot reconcile it with the pledge as an action that Jesus himself would take or condone. Virginia commiserates and expresses her dissatisfaction with the life she is leading and the lives that her peers are leading, growing angry at the great class divide that she sees. As a woman of considerable wealth, Virginia is caught in trying to determine how to handle her own affluence in a way that is honorable.
Virginia’s brother, Rollin, invites himself to lunch, along with Virginia’s mother, Madame Florence Page. He proceeds to embarrass Rachel by revealing, to the table, Rachel’s offer of a place in the opera (an offer that had been a private affair). When the conversation veers off to the events at Church on Sunday, however, Rollin excuses himself and appears only afterwards when Rachel is on her way home. Expressing his long-held love for her, an infatuation since childhood, Rollin makes a proposal of marriage to Rachel, which she promptly refuses on the grounds that she does not love him: “Well, I do not and cannot love you because you have no purpose in life. What do you ever do to make the world better?” (68). Returning home Rachel enters into a conversation with her mother, who scolds her for throwing away a promising career in the performing arts and joining the fanatics at the Raymond church in their notion of joining the evangelization efforts downtown in the Rectangle, a place notorious for vice and immodest living.
The Rectangle itself is simply a dirt field surrounded by “rows of saloons, gambling halls and cheap boardinghouses,” and the “slum and tenement districts of Raymond formed a wider congested area all about the Rectangle” (72). At a revival meeting hosted by Mr. and Mrs. Gray, traveling evangelists, Rachel lends her vocal talents to the effort, and it is her singing that directly leads to the moral rectification of Alexander Powers and the rejection of the movement by Jasper Chase. It is the ministry at the Rectangle, in fact, that contributes to Rev. Maxwell’s efforts in transforming his ministry; Mr. Gray invites Rev. Maxwell down to preach, and when Maxwell experiences the crowds’ response, he sees his fellow men and women in a new light.
The moral fortification that Alexander Powers received during the night at the Rectangle empowers him to inform the public about the fraud within the railroad company, and he promptly resigns. While Powers claims that he will be able to find work elsewhere, others in the community are not so fortunate; some continue to lose jobs and social standing as a result of the pledge. Even more, like Milton Wright the businessman for instance, find themselves forced to change their previous business practices. However, they expect these changes to eventually prove successful on the grounds of building stronger and more ethical institutions. Just a few nights later another meeting at the Rectangle sees even more people discover the power of grace and love, as Virginia Page encounters a young woman who will soon change her life, and Rollin Page takes the first step on his journey towards a new life of purpose and passion.
Chapter 9 leads with a window into the mind of Jasper Chase, who was recently rejected by Rachel Winslow. He had been sure that she reciprocated his affection, but he apparently misjudged the timing of his admission. For her part, Rachel is horrified by the confession due to its impious nature:
Had he no respect for the supernatural events they had just witnessed? The thought that all the time she was singing with the complete passion of her soul to touch the conscience of that tent, Jasper Chase had been unmoved by it except to love her for herself, made his feeling for her seem irreverent (101).
For Rachel, her voice is a tool meant to glorify God, and the fact that Jasper was spiritually unmoved is offensive in the highest degree. The memory of Rollin Page, however, breaks the surface of her mind; he had been quiet and withdrawn, clearly moved by the events at the Rectangle tent. And it was not Rollin alone; the whole population of Raymond is, it seems, teeming with new life in the wake of the promise that so many made that fateful Sunday. Even Rev. Maxwell seems to have new life breathed into him as he uses a great portion of his Sunday sermon to speak out against the liquor businesses that reap great profits over the misery of those with alcoholism.
Chapter 10 continues the narrative from where the previous chapter left off with the question of the upcoming elections and the particular platforms that the representatives will be running. Donald Marsh, the president of the local college, speaks with Rev. Maxwell about the election. He admits that up until now he had been focused almost solely on the affairs of the college and with matters of the mind at the expense of helping the community in a practical way: “I confess with shame that I have purposely avoided the responsibility that I owe to this city personally” (107). Rev. Maxwell seconds his feelings and admits he has similar notions, and together they agree to throw their combined weight against the officials who would be elected to office and once again legalize the sale of alcohol at the local saloons. Many of the Raymond church are coming to conclusions that have been a long time coming: Ed Norman with the direction of the newspaper, Virginia in regard to what she is going to do with her wealth, and even Rollin Page with the direction that he is going to take his new life. The Rectangle is soon going to be fighting for its life with the impending election set to push it one way or another.
One of the most richly drawn friendships is the relationship between Rachel Winslow and Virginia Page, two young women who, while occupying rather different stations in life, are both in the midst of life-altering decisions. Rachel and Virginia are both archetypes of intelligent, strong, independent women who are more than capable of overcoming the obstacles before them, and yet they are comfortable confiding in one another and operating as part of a group, trusting themselves into the confidence of their friends. While coveted by prestigious performance groups, Rachel decides to turn down a lucrative offer to occupy the stage in favor of remaining in Raymond to do something greater with her gifts. As for Virginia, the wealthy heiress, she has become disillusioned with the manner in which her peers in high society live:
It maddens me to think that the society in which I have been brought up, the society to which we both belong, is satisfied year after year […] when I honestly try to imagine Jesus living the life I have lived and am expected to live, and doing for the rest of my life what thousands of other rich people do, I am under condemnation for being one of the most selfish, useless creatures in all the world (57-58).
The societal pressures that surround the characters are some of the most formidable obstacles that are faced. While a few characters face inner demons and struggle with interior faults and vices, most of the characters face their biggest challenges as extrinsic to them. For Rachel, it is her mother’s desire for her to enter into showbusiness, for “If there was a woman in all Raymond with great ambitions for her daughter’s success as a singer, Mrs. Winslow was that woman” (63). For Virginia, it is the peer pressure as well as the force of her grandmother who expects Virginia to carry on exactly as she has been doing, and who judges others who prioritize their faith as “foolish” (61).
Both women, as well as many others, also face a real pressure to avoid the realities of evangelization and charity work. It is one thing to talk the talk, but to walk the walk is rather different when worked out in the real world. Virginia and Rachel, as well as the rest of the faithful at the First Church of Raymond, come to know what it really is like to imitate Jesus in his love for the poor, the widowed, the orphaned, and the marginalized. They learn that it can be messy and inconvenient, and that to truly love one’s neighbor can often mean leaving one’s comfort zone and stepping out into the unknown out of love for one’s fellow person. One could argue that the traveling evangelists (Mr. and Mrs. Gray) are really the bravest figures of all by starting the ministry at the Rectangle all on their own before they ever knew that the people of Raymond would lend their efforts to the cause.
Returning to the figure of Rachel, one of the principle points of contention throughout the novel is Rachel’s talent as a singer. A matter of strife between Rachel and her mother, Rachel’s voice is the greatest gift that she can give, and it is her voice which causes the falling out between her and Jasper Chase. This will eventually lead to his falling away from the faith and from the community of the church.
Finally, as the reader will see much later in the novel in the lives of Dr. Bruce and the Bishop of Chicago, the tension between the theoretical and the practical, between the academy and the public square, begins to play itself out in the lives of both Reverend Maxwell and the president of Lincoln College, Donald Marsh. The lives of all those in Raymond and in the Rectangle will be affected by these two men’s decisions in Chapters 9 and 10. The two men decide to put their influence and leadership behind the movement that will hopefully cast out the local government leaders who actively harm the community, and they will attempt to persuade the public to vote for those who will actively and explicitly enact legislation for a more ethical—and a more Christian—society.