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95 pages 3 hours read

David Foster Wallace

Infinite Jest

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1996

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Pages 851-981Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Pages 851-911 Summary

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment Gaudeamus Igitur (November 20)

Switching to his first-person perspective, Hal wakes up for a dream and sees that Mario is still in bed. The day is the annual donor and alumni event, held between Interdependence Day and the WhataBurger tournament. Hal worries that smoking marijuana has become “not just the high-point of the day but its actual meaning” (853). After a day of matches that are semi-open to the public, the players attend a gala in the evening. Given the prevailing weather conditions, planes will be unable to land at the local airport so most guests will arrive by bus or car.

Don Gately sees Joelle in his hospital room. This time, however, he believes that she is not a dream. While offering him a brownie, she tries to entertain him. She does not have long because she is expected back at Ennet House. After a short update on the situation at Ennet House, she offers to help him however she can. Joelle shares a story about her previous attempts to go sober. She also shares a picture of her father with Don. After she leaves, Don cannot help but imagine a bright and happy future as Joelle’s romantic partner. Hastily formed bonds such as these are a hallmark of addiction recovery. Don knows that such romantic relationships are forbidden because new arrivals at Ennet House are particularly vulnerable. He longs to be with Joelle but is disgusted that he is thinking in such a manner.

Partial Transcript of Weather-Delayed Meeting […]

Rodney Tine leads a meeting to discuss advertising demographics—specifically white, English-speaking children between the ages of 4 and 12 from relatively wealthy families. The message for the commercial aims to tell these children not to watch random film cartridges that they might find. They also want to know the best advice to give to these children should they find their parents captivated by a film, implied to be the Entertainment.

At the hospital, Don slips in and out of sleep. A nurse brings him a notepad so that he can communicate with Francis, his sponsor. Francis is nicknamed “Ferocious” Francis. Don tries to write a message on the paper but can only manage a meaningless scrawl. Francis tells a story about Randy Lenz, who has been wandering the streets and attacking animals. Don is desperate to share his hospital experiences with Francis, but all he can manage is a meaningless scrawl. He wants to tell his sponsor how he has dealt with such incredible pain without the need for narcotics, but he cannot communicate. Francis continues the story, making basic errors about many of the details. Don wants to know whether any of the Canadians died during the fight, but the conversation is interrupted by a doctor. The doctor reveals that he has prescribed a narcotic to Don to help with the pain. Don is afraid. The doctor explains that while he respects Don’s wishes he cannot allow a person to suffer without medication. The doctor points to his own Muslim faith to justify his respect for personal decisions. Don scrawls on his notebook, trying to signal the letters “AA” to Francis so that Francis will stop the doctor. Francis allows the doctor to continue without speaking up. The doctor explains that Don’s pain will become much worse. As such, Don will need more narcotics. He recommends that Don drop his fear of becoming addicted and allow the medical staff to help him. Don, knowing himself, is certain that he will not be able to refuse the stronger narcotics. In his mind, Don desperately reasons that this does not count as a relapse. He points to Francis’s failure to intervene as a justification of this. Francis announces that he is leaving. As he exits, the doctor refers to Francis as Don’s father. Francis—not correcting the doctor—says that Don must decide for himself how to act. Don becomes panicked, worried that Francis believes that he has relapsed. He grabs for the doctor and gets ahold of the man’s testicles. The effort required to do this forces Don into unconsciousness.

He wakes up with a nurse beside him. Don remembers the first time he took Demerol, the painkiller prescribed by the doctor. He was 23 years old, and he became addicted. Later, Ennet House residents visit Don and tell him that the gun is still missing. They believe Randy Lenz took it with him. They mention that Randy has been seen in the city and has relapsed into alcoholism. Before the residents leave, they tell Don about life at Ennet House and give him a card, which they stole and did not sign. After they leave, Don feels morose. He reflects on his life with addiction and as a petty criminal. Together with two men named Fackelmann and Kite, he stole and defrauded people to fund his addiction. He begins to resent the rehabilitation centers’ constant focus on God and God’s forgiveness. When an attractive nurse tells him to turn over in his bed, he feels humiliated and alone.

Hal panics. He typically enjoys feeling panicked as it “sharpens the senses” (896). This time, however, he notices the horrible feeling of being overwhelmed. He cannot stop thinking about how many irrelevant, mundane things he has done so often and so repeatedly. When he thinks about his future, all he can think about is how he will have to “repeat the same processes” (897) in a terrible cycle. He goes to the viewing room and lays on the floor. His thoughts are filled with memories of his family, the academy, and diffuse, random pieces of information, especially his attempts to define whether the snowfall outside the academy can technically be qualified as a blizzard. Hal thinks about tennis and marijuana. If he was made to choose one or the other, he is not sure that he would choose tennis. He thinks about his odd relationship with his father. Hal and James struggled to communicate. Whenever they talked, James was convinced that Hal was saying nothing, but Hal was certain that he was speaking. He thinks about the rumors of his parents’ infidelities and about Charles Tavis, Avril’s stepbrother and his uncle. Avril’s father was an alcoholic who frequently vanished for weeks on end. He returned from one of these binge drinking sessions with a new wife and son. That son was Charles. Though no one ever talks about the lack of blood relations between Charles and Avril, people often remark on the closeness of their relationship. Hal lays down in the viewing room as though he is “the meat in the room’s sandwich” (902).

Don Gately’s childhood nickname was Big Indestructible Moron or Bim for short. Thanks to a giant head and a high pain threshold, he was a star of the school football team. His size and demeanor scared women, but Don was not violent and he was not a bully, though he was not “kindly or heroic or a defender of the weak” (903). He smoked marijuana at age nine and tried alcohol for the first time a short while after that. Don and his young friends would frequently drink and take drugs. Even then, he played football. He knew how to control his alcohol intake around practice sessions and games thanks to a set of “disciplined personal rules” (905). However, he struggled to keep up with his schoolwork. After taking a break for a year, he returned to failing grades, which eventually resulted in him being kicked off the football team. This happened around the same time when his mother became seriously ill and entered into a comatose state. Don felt no need to return to school and slipped into a pattern of desperate addiction. He “never played organized ball again” (906).

Waking up in the viewing room, Hal notices Michael Pemulis has joined him. Seemingly rundown and disheveled, Michael wants to urgently talk to Hal, but Hal tries to find a reason not to do so. He worries that Michael is trying to tempt him to take drugs together even though they must provide a clean urine sample at the end of the month. Michael continues to press Hal to talk, but Hal is hesitant. He asks Michael to pass him a film cartridge from a shelf, requesting Good-Looking Men in Small Clever Rooms That Utilize Every Centimeter of Available Space with Mind-Boggling Efficiency. The film is one of James Incandenza’s productions, and Hal wants to watch the last five minutes. At the same time, he remembers his father’s funeral. Michael fetches the film and they watch the film scene, in which the protagonist delivers a soliloquy about “the battle-to-the-death with the loved dead” (911).

Pages 911-941 Summary

After leaving high school, Don slipped into the criminal underworld. While he did not start stealing right away, he was used as an enforcer for a criminal gambling syndicate run by a man named Whitey Sorkin. He forced people to pay their debts and threatened them with violence, though he rarely followed through on these threats. In this operation, he worked with a man named Gene Fackelmann, who also had addictions. Many of the “pathetic furtive guys” (913) with debts were reckless people who tried to gain Don’s sympathy with their sad life stories. Don realized that the men were addicted, though he did not yet connect this with the idea of drug addiction that would plague him in the future. During the irregular use of violent enforcement, Don and Fackelmann were nicknamed the Twin Towers by Whitey. While Don struggled with his “internal out-of-control slope of ferocity” (914). He only ever killed one man in this enforcement job and that was “essentially an accident” (1078). Eventually, Don and Fackelmann formed a crew with Don’s former schoolmate Trent Kite; Kite and Fackelmann often ran credit history fraud operations to fund their Dilaudid habits, while Don preferred traditional burglaries. One year, Don spent New Year’s Eve manufacturing counterfeit driver’s licenses. When he noticed a Boston University football game on the television, he broke down in tears. Two days later, he was arrested and sent to jail.

Michael Pemulis checks on the loose ceiling tile where he hides his illicit possessions.

After Whitey bailed him out of jail, Don became friends with a lesbian couple who were both addicted to cocaine. They taught him “serious full-time burglary” (917). At this time, Fackelmann had been scamming Whitey regularly by taking the money for various bets but not telling Whitey. When the bets inevitably lost, Fackelmann kept the entire stake for himself. Don felt “betrayed and abandoned” (918) that his former partner in crime kept such a secret from him.

Don’s reveries are interrupted by a new doctor and the attractive nurse. They discuss his condition as they assemble an unknown metal frame around his bed. As his mind becomes clearer, Don realizes that Joelle’s visit may have been a hallucination and the story about her past entirely invented. The realization reminds him of a woman named Pamela Hoffman-Jeep. She was “directionless and not very healthy and pale and incredibly passive” (924). They dated for some time; Don met Pamela because she was smitten by any man who did not sexually assault her while she was in one of her drug-induced moments of passivity. Don remembers that she spent most of her time laying down or asleep. While dating Pamela, Don remembers a man who tried to place a big bet on a football game, but due to confusion both the better and Whitey assumed they lost. The man won more than $100,000. However, Fackelmann did not tell Whitey about the confusion. He took the money and planned to buy a huge quantity of drugs that he could take to another city and sell. As soon as Fackelmann decided to cheat Whitey, he was “a Dead Man” (931).

Before Fackelmann could escape with Kite, he could not help but get high. Despite knowing that Fackelmann was in a fatal bind, Don—who was living with Fackelmann at the time—sat down with Fackelmann and shared the drugs, convincing himself that he was doing so to “keep Fackelmann company, like sitting up with a sick friend” (933). Don’s memories are disturbed by the strange feeling that his forehead is being licked. At first, he thinks the wraith has returned. However, the wraith is not in the room. Don’s health becomes worse. He slips into a fever and dreams about trying to dig up a grave with a sad teenage boy, implied to be Hal. Don knows that there is a skull in the grave with something important inside it. When Hal picks up the skull, however, he shrugs as if to suggest that they are too late.

Outside the hospital, Joelle listens to a woman who is implied to be Hugh Steeply, still disguised as Helen. Joelle is in danger, the woman says. Joelle is unsurprised.

Don remembers “truly bingeing” (935) on Dilaudid with Fackelmann. They took so much they almost overdosed. They ignored everything outside, including the ringing phone and the apartment buzzer. When they ran out of water with which they could take the intravenous drugs, they used their own urine. Gately falls down and knocks himself unconscious as he hears Pamela calling to be let into the apartment.

Joelle responds to the strange woman’s questions. She describes the Entertainment and James’s technical attempts to use lenses to recreate a baby’s perspective from a “crib’s-eye view” (939). Joelle is in two simple scenes. According to Joelle, James wanted to be sober but he struggled so much with staying sober that he eventually killed himself. Joelle does not believe that James ever finished the Entertainment. Any finished copy, she suggests, would be “buried with him” (940).

Pages 941-960 Summary

The narrative returns to Hal’s first-person perspective. Mario and a friend named Kyle Coyle watch one of James Incandenza’s early films, Accomplice! Cosgrove Watt was “one of the very few professional actors [James] ever used” (944), though he was not particularly talented. Accomplice! stars Cosgrove as a “beautifully sad young bus-station male prostitute” (945) who has a disturbing sexual encounter with an old man involving castration and potentially murder. Hal and Mario have long disagreed over the artistic merits of their father’s films, and only after their father’s suicide did critics start to evaluate his work. Hal watches news reports proclaiming the current snowstorm to be “the worst blizzard to hit the region since B.S. 1998” (947), a short time after E.T.A. first opened. Around this time, Hal remembers, his father first took an interest in making films. Though Avril dismissed her husband’s interest as a “passing obsession” (949), Hal believes that his father’s love of filmmaking endured precisely because he was not particularly successful. Hal shares his father’s tendency to flit between hobbies and interests. As Hal remembers his life with his family, he struggles to remember certain words and ideas. He remembers the period after his father’s funeral. Avril reacted to her grief by spending more time inside. She ensconced herself inside the Headmaster’s house and began to age rapidly.

Though Hal has a tennis match that afternoon, he decides he does not want to play. He could injure himself to avoid the match, thereby evoking compassion from people rather than disappointment. He remembers when his brother Orin found and screened a set of classic pornographic films for the older ETA students. One of the female students revealed his plan to the staff and Orin admitted everything to James, who told Orin that pornography might give Orin “the wrong idea about having sex” (959). Orin was no longer a virgin at this point, but he was surprised and slightly moved that his father still believed him to be so innocent. To Hal’s recollection, James was never as open or honest with anyone else. Hal believes this moment of openness was wasted on Orin, and he envies his brother. The moment would be better suited to Mario, Hal thinks, as Mario spent the most time around their father. Hal believes that Orin took that moment with their father for granted. According to Orin, James may still have been a virgin when he met Avril in his late-thirties. Orin knew that James’s relationship with Joelle was strictly platonic. Hal’s thoughts are interrupted by the vivid idea of his mother having sex with John Wayne; he knows that she has carried on a sexual relationship with the young Canadian tennis player ever since John transferred to E.T.A. Hal is not yet “able to identify a strong feeling one way or the other about the liaison” (957).

Worried that she is being pursued by the Wheelchair Assassins, Joelle makes a plan. She will ask Pat Montesian if she can hide in the Ennet House quarantine facility with Yolanda and Clenette and perhaps “convince her to dismantle the ramp” (958). The snow falls heavily and limits visibility.

Pages 960-981 Summary

Pat Montesian talks to an Assistant District Attorney (A.D.A.). The A.D.A. wants to speak to Don Gately; he is part of a recovery program “for codependency-issues surrounding loved ones who were cripplingly phobic or compulsive, or both” (961). The program requires him to “make an amend” (962) with people he has wronged in the past, and Don is one of those people. For years, he has hated Don and swore to send him to jail for anything. Now, he has seen the error of his ways. However, the A.D.A. is struggling to summon the courage to meet Don.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment; Immediately Pre-Fundraiser-Exhibition-Fête Gaudeamus Igitur (November 20)

From a first-person perspective, an unnamed character describes how E.T.A. students solemnly prepare to play at the fundraiser event. Each student has their own “auto-pilot ritual” (965) before any match. Due to the snowstorm, the matches must be played outside. No one has seen Michael Pemulis in some time. Rumors spread among the students about the arrival of “some sort of Special-Olympicish Quebec adult wheelchair-tennis contingent” (965). The narrator focuses on Barry Loach, one of the academy coaches, as he applies tape to Hal’s ankle. Hal’s facial expressions seem “unconnected to anything“ (966). Barry’s family is said to be cursed. As the youngest member of his family, he wanted to become a tennis coach, but he knew about his “staunch and beloved” (968) mother’s long-held dream that one of her children become a Catholic priest. Barry’s older brother dropped out of the seminary due to a crisis of faith, so Barry–desperate to prove his brother’s nihilism wrong–tried to convince his brother that humanity was good by dressing as a homeless person. Dressed in this manner, Barry reached out to people on the street. They all refused to touch him, but many people were willing to give him money. Barry was surprised to find that he made more money as a homeless person than at his job. He was also struck with a crisis of his own because so many people refused to touch him. After weeks of begging and after he was forced to drop out of his college coaching course, the only person who shook his hand was Mario Incandenza.

The Swiss hand model and the Wheelchair Assassins trap Orin in a giant “bathroom-type tumbler” (971). Despite his many attempts, Orin cannot break out. The Swiss woman—who is named Luria and who has also been having an affair with Rodney Tine Senior—stands with another person (implied to be Fortier) and watches Orin. They have drugged Orin, and he still feels the sedative’s effects in his system. They question him, demanding information about the Entertainment. When he cannot or will not tell them where the Entertainment might be buried, they release a swarm of cockroaches into the box. Orin screams out in fear. He calls for them to torture Luria instead of him. Luria and Fortier are unimpressed.

Still in his hospital bed, Don Gately suffers from a terrible fever. Even though his “only conscious concern was Asking For Help to refuse Demerol” (973), he cannot tell them about his fear of Demerol addiction. Drifting into sleep, he is never quite sure whether he is awake. He sees the A.D.A. outside his room, holding a hat. When he is asleep, he suffers from terrible nightmares. Don remembers waking up on the floor of the apartment where he took drugs with Fackelmann. Pamela was trying to climb a tree to enter through a window. One of Whitey’s enforcers smashed the window and opened the door from the inside. Then, a group of “small-time thug-types” (975) entered the apartment carrying the passive Pamela. Her shin bore an open wound. Telling Don to “kick back and enjoy the party” (977), the henchmen injected Don with “pharm-grade Sunshine” (979), a difficult-to-obtain and very potent drug. Don felt numb as he watched the henchman torture Fackelmann while injecting heroin into their own arms. The scene descended into chaos, and Don struggled to understand what was happening. A person vomited while the henchmen sewed Fackelmann’s eyes open. Don felt “obscenely pleasant” (981) on the drugs, which forced him outside of his own body. On a television screen, a film about violence played. Eventually, the drugs took over and Don passed out. He woke up later on an empty, cold beach under a light rain. The tide “was way out” (981).

Pages 851-981 Analysis

During the closing stages of the novel, Hal switches to a first-person narration style. Though he has done this intermittently earlier in the text, the mode of narration lasts for an extended period of time. The switch represents Hal’s desire to move closer to an understanding of himself. The narration is no longer viewing him from the detached, third-person perspective but has switched into his mind and into his perspective. Perhaps unsurprisingly, little changes beyond the tense and the pronouns. Hal is a detached and alienated individual, so he views himself passing through life as though he were a character in someone else’s novel. His narration of his own actions is not dissimilar to the general tone of the novel because Hal is equally as removed as a third-person narrator. Compared to the other instances of first-person narration in the novel, which are often written in dialect and markedly different, Hal possesses the same muted, vaguely academic, and constantly self-referential tone that defines the narration. In this first person mode, Hal seeks out other entertainment to replace the marijuana in his life. When Hal watches his father’s films, he remains removed from the emotional reality of existence and remains the passive consumer of entertainment, which distracts him from focusing on the immediate concern of his crisis of identity. Even from a first-person perspective, Hal is alienated from his own narrative.

Don’s story remains in the third-person perspective, but he attempts to describe his innermost thoughts to others and fails. The operation has left Don in so much pain that he cannot talk. He tries to write on a notepad but can only manage a meaningless scrawl. This scrawl is an attempt—like Hal—to describe his needs in the first person but—also like Hal—he cannot realize the potential of this format. The incident with the notepad becomes a metaphor for a wider social problem. Don is visited by people, real or imaginary, who supposedly care about him. Despite being desperate to communicate with these people, he cannot reach out to them. He is rendered meek and mute by the consequences of his actions. Don’s medically imposed silence is a metaphor for the struggles of alienated and marginalized people to communicate. They want to reach out but lack the tools and physical strength to make themselves understood. Instead, many people are left in a position similar to Don’s: desperate for help but unable to make anybody hear them.

Without any way to talk to people, Don is left alone with his worst memories. He remembers his childhood and his slow descent into drugs. He remembers his mother’s pain at the hands of an abusive partner and his guilt over not visiting her in hospital. In the final passages of the book, Don describes one of the lowest points of his life. The brutal torture and execution of Fackelmann contrasts with the obscenely peaceful state of Don’s drug-influenced mind. He lays on the floor of an apartment that is not his, soaked in his own urine, as a friend and partner in crime has his eyes sewn open. Yet Don feels incredible. He fades away, slipping into unconsciousness so he does not have to face the violent reality of what is happening in the apartment. His situation is a symbolic description of why so many people use drugs in an alienated society. Rather than face the brutality around them, they slip into a pleasing numbness thanks to drugs, food, gambling, entertainment, or other addictions. Don understands why he does not want to face the world, but he knows that he can no longer deal with the harsh realities of drug abuse. When he wakes up, he is all alone on a beach as a light rain falls on his face. In the final symbolic moment, those who do not want to accept the brutality of existence or the pleasing numbness of addiction are left in a gray, lonely world with nothing to help them.

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