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61 pages 2 hours read

Victor Lavalle

Lone Women

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Part 2, Chapters 31-47Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2, Chapter 31 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains descriptions of racism and graphic violence.

Mrs. Jerrine Reed, who first welcomed Adelaide to Montana, is now standing on stage at the Big Sandy Opera House, speaking to a group of women and a few men. The opera house is the pride and joy of Big Sandy, for Mrs. Reed modeled it on the much more impressive opera house in Helena. Speaking on behalf of her chapter of the women’s social group, the Busy Bees, Mrs. Reed shares noteworthy news about the women of Big Sandy and beyond. She makes a special announcement about the imminent grand opening of a woman-owned “power laundry,” and she also shares news about the war in Europe, relating the story of a Russian princess who disguised herself as a man in order to enlist.

Adelaide and Sam attend this gathering, accompanied by Grace, who has been staying in town while recovering from her wound. Although Adelaide is captivated by Mrs. Reed’s news, thoughts of the creature distract her, for it has not returned since it last escaped. Adelaide gazes around the room and spots Matthew Kirby in the orchestra seating below, along with his uncle Finn. The two glare at Adelaide, and Finn stands up to make his way toward her. Adelaide panics and seizes on Sam’s request to leave, offering to take him to find some food.

Part 2, Chapter 32 Summary

While his wife is at the opera house, Mr. Reed is drinking and playing cards at the Blind Pig, a tavern that Bertie Brown owns and operates out of her own home. It is also where she brews her famous alcohol, Bertie’s Brew. Mr. Reed is a regular customer and is already quite drunk. He wants to play cards with Bertie Brown and her friend, Fiona Wong. He asks Bertie to call Fiona back to the table, referring to her using a racial slur for Chinese people. Bertie steps in to defend Fiona and correct Mr. Reed, though Fiona dismisses her concerns and sits down at the table to play. As their card game winds down, Mr. Reed realizes that his driver will be arriving soon. He asks the two women if they would like to go for a ride in his newly purchased car. The two accept his invitation, and it is revealed that Mr. Reed’s driver is young Joab Mudge.

Part 2, Chapter 33 Summary

This chapter flashes back in time and relates a different perspective on the night that Joab and his older brother Delmus fled from the terrifying scene at Adelaide’s house. The narrative states that two ride all night until they make it to Big Sandy by following the light in the steeple of the opera house. They collapse upon arriving and are saved by diner owner George Shibata, who sees them and alerts the authorities. After the brothers recover from their ordeal, Delmus attempts to tell the townsfolk the truth: that they were fleeing from a terrible monster. Joab, however, spins the story and explains that his family was attacked by wild animals, and that his mother and older brothers died protecting them. Their story is shared throughout the town, and when Mr. Jack Reed learns about the boys, he offers them the opportunity to work for him. Because Delmus has trouble readjusting to “reality” after the attack, he is given work as a stable hand. Joab, becomes Mr. Reed’s driver, a job that he enjoys far more than the acts of theft and murder that his family used to be embroiled in.

Part 2, Chapter 34 Summary

The narrative returns to the present moment. Adelaide and Sam are eating at George Shibata’s restaurant, the Grill Cafe, after leaving Mrs. Reed’s event at the opera house. Sam reflects on Mrs. Reed’s statements and shares with Adelaide that he “keeps secrets.” When Adelaide assures Sam that she keeps plenty of secrets of her own, Sam confesses that Grace killed Sam’s father. Sam wanted to share the burden of this secret with someone and has decided that he trusts Adelaide the most. Thinking of the ghostly male figure that she saw, Adelaide asks Sam where Grace killed his father. Sam knowingly asks if Adelaide saw him on the property and admits to seeing his ghost as well. Their conversation is cut short when Grace finally joins them. She explains that Finn Kirby confronted her and told her that Matthew lost the ability to use his right arm following an incident on or near Adelaide’s property. Adelaide considers the depth of the secret that Sam just shared with her and decides to trust the Prices with her own secret about the monster she brought with her to Montana.

Part 2, Chapter 35 Summary

This chapter is written from the perspective of the creature that escaped from Adelaide’s steamer trunk. It reflects that the only thing it has eaten since its escape were the Mudge boys and their two horses. It is hungry, but it cannot find any food because prairie dogs are too small and fast to catch. The creature also thinks about how the two boys on the horses were planning to harm Adelaide, but it then tries to banish all thoughts of Adelaide from its mind. It decides to search for more horses to eat, since they are easy to spot and to catch.

Part 2, Chapter 36 Summary

Delmus Mudge is in Mr. Reed’s stables, avoiding work for the night and drowning his residual trauma in alcohol. He reflects on his role in the Mudge family, which was to be patient and meticulous enough to choose the marks and judge when it was safe for the family to strike. The narrative reveals that he chose Adelaide as a mark during the train ride from Seattle to Montana. Now, Delmus passes out from drunkenness in the stable loft but is awakened by the agitated sounds of the horses. Realizing that the creature is prowling through the stable, Delmus decides to go down and confront it. He slips on the ladder and falls to the bottom, breaking his collarbone. The creature hears him fall and approaches. Delmus begs for his life, promising to be true and honest from this point forward if he is spared. The next thing he realizes, the creature has left and all the horses are gone. He walks outside and collapses on the ground in pain.

Joab drives up with Mr. Reed, Bertie, and Fiona in the car, and they see the aftermath of the events in the stable. At first, Mr. Reed decides to leave Delmus on the ground in the cold while he searches for his horses instead. However, Fiona jumps to Delmus’s defense and insists that they go to his aid. Bertie is fearful that Fiona’s confrontation will cause problems, so she begins to draw her gun as a precaution. Fortunately, Mr. Reed agrees to tend to Delmus.

Part 2, Chapter 37 Summary

Adelaide shares her history with Grace and Sam, explaining the origins of the creature from her steamer trunk. However, Adelaide suspects Sam is the only one to truly listen and believe her. She returns home to her cabin unaccompanied, as Grace and Sam are staying in town while Grace continues to recover from her gunshot wound. The next morning, Adelaide awakens to visitors at her cabin: Bertie and Fiona. Bertie tells her that she has come to tend to Adelaide’s unruly, unkempt hair, and Adelaide is relieved to have another Black woman to help her with her appearance. Reminded of similar tender moments with her mother, Adelaide has to refrain from touching Bertie’s leg. Fiona notices their kinship and affection and grows jealous. She complains that she will be late and gets up to leave, but Bertie placates her. After finishing Adelaide’s hair, Bertie and Fiona saddle their horses to go into town. Adelaide asks to accompany them, not realizing that there is an uncomfortable tension between the two women.

Part 2, Chapter 38 Summary

Upon arriving in Big Sandy, Bertie and Fiona make their way to the town’s hotel to collect the dirty linens, which Fiona is paid to launder. Adelaide starts to follow them but stops when she notices Mrs. Reed standing outside a nearby building. Mrs. Reed is speaking to a gathering crowd and introduces a woman named Mrs. Sterling, who owns the new power laundry in town. Mrs. Reed makes it a point to praise Mrs. Sterling’s new business and to announce her plans to take all of her laundry to Mrs. Sterling. In thinly veiled racist comment, she also pointedly notes that the town’s hotel is not currently sending their linens to be laundered with Mrs. Sterling; she implies that by employing Fiona Wong, the hotel is making a mistake. Adelaide watches her friends Bertie and Fiona leave the hotel with the dirty laundry and almost decides to follow them, but in that moment, Mrs. Reed bids Mrs. Sterling to open the doors of her new power laundry. Adelaide is drawn by the chance to be accepted by the larger crowd and decides to attempt to enter the building. She is fearful that she will be turned away due to her race, but Mrs. Reed welcomes her happily.

Part 2, Chapter 39 Summary

Meanwhile, Joab and Mr. Reed inspect the damage to Mr. Reed’s horse barn. Mr. Reed concludes that it must have been “wolfers” that broke in and stole his horses. Wolfers are rough individuals who survive through thievery and other criminal behavior. Joab is familiar with them because he and his family were staying in a wolfer encampment while they stole horses from the nearby homesteaders. Mr. Reed decides to find the culprits and enlists the help of two of his friends, McNamara and Marlow, who own the general store. As Mr. Reed and Joab drive to pick them up, Joab wonders whether he should direct Mr. Reed to the wolfer settlement in order to gain his favor. He decides to take the risk of telling the three men how to find the wolfer town in the mountains. When pressed about how he knows the location, Joab lies and tells them that the wolfers were really the ones who killed his family. He claims to have made up the story about wild animals because the wolfers threatened to kill him otherwise. Mr. Reed, McNamara, and Marlow are convinced by Joab’s story and feel great sympathy for him, so they commit to driving out to the mountains to find this town. Joab is secretly hopeful that while they are driving, he will either find or remember the location of Adelaide’s cabin so that he can enact revenge upon her.

Part 2, Chapter 40 Summary

Once Fiona and Bertie return to the Blind Pig, Fiona starts the hotel’s laundry. The two do not speak, and Fiona is upset by the remarks that Mrs. Reed made about her doing the hotel’s laundry. She fears that the hotel will stop employing her now that Mrs. Sterling has opened her new power laundry. She begins to cry, and Bertie comes into the room to comfort her. Bertie pulls Fiona to her feet, and they enter their shared bedroom. Bertie undresses Fiona and begins to kiss her thighs. As they move to the bed and begin to make love, Fiona momentarily forgets the sadness she felt at Mrs. Reed’s remarks.

Part 2, Chapter 41 Summary

This chapter is told from the creature’s perspective. It falls asleep after devouring Mr. Reed’s horses and begins to dream. In the first dream, it is lying on the floor of the barn in which it was once chained. In the second dream, a girl, who is implied to be Adelaide, comes to visit the creature and offers to read or sing to it. The creature awakens in anguish because the second dream was actually a memory of the past.

Part 2, Chapter 42 Summary

Adelaide is riding back home from her trip into town when she realizes that the ghost of her mother has appeared beside her again. Eleanor chastises Adelaide for revealing her family’s secrets to Grace and Sam, as well as for abandoning her caretaking responsibilities. Adelaide dismisses her mother’s remarks, and Eleanor shares that the creature escaped once before and killed livestock throughout their farm community. She and Adelaide’s father were able to recapture it before it harmed any people. Eleanor warns Adelaide that if she doesn’t bring the creature back, her community will discover where it came from and seek vengeance against her for any damage it does.

Part 2, Chapter 43 Summary

Joab, Mr. Reed, McNamara, and Marlow drive out to Rocky Point, the home of the “wolfers” whom they now believe to have stolen Mr. Reed’s horses and murdered Joab’s family. When they arrive, they discover a ramshackle collection of shacks and three haggard-looking horse thieves. As Reed, McNamara, and Marlow line the men up and unpack several lengths of rope, Joab realizes that they intend to hang these men. One of the wolfers recognizes Joab and starts to reveal Joab’s true identity, but before he can finish, Joab shoots and kills him. Mr. Reed tells Joab, “This is not the way” (176). He explains that he is not angry that Joab killed the man, but that in the future, hanging is the better method “because it’s free” (176). The group hangs the remaining two men from a nearby tree and tells Joab that he is now a member of their group, which is known in town as the “Vigilance Committee,” even though they privately refer to themselves as “The Stranglers.”

Part 2, Chapter 44 Summary

Grace and Sam visit Mrs. Reed before they return to their homestead. Grace has arranged this appointment because she would like Mrs. Reed’s help in opening a proper schoolhouse, given that the townsfolk are reluctant to send their children to the one on her property. Having seen the support that Mrs. Reed was able to raise for Mrs. Sterling’s laundry, Grace is hopeful that Mrs. Reed will provide her with similar support. However, Mrs. Reed is more interested in talking with Sam, who is reading his newspaper clippings. When she asks Sam to share a strange fact that he has learned, he says, “Mrs. Henry brought a monster to Montana” (180).

Believing this to be evidence of Sam’s childish imagination, Mrs. Reed turns her attention back to Grace and agrees to help Grace with her problem if Grace provides something in return. Namely, she needs Grace to address the town’s misapprehensions about Sam and his “presentation.” In response, Grace strikes Mrs. Reed hard across the face and announces to Sam that they are leaving. Mrs. Reed urges her to reconsider her offer, and Grace replies by mentioning the rumors that Mrs. Reed once had a child, and if that is the case, she urges her to consider Grace’s position as a mother. Adelaide proclaims that she will do anything to protect Sam’s safety and happiness.

Part 2, Chapter 45 Summary

The creature narrates its flight high into the foothills that surround the town. It is seeking a place to hide and locates a cave as high in the mountains as possible. It hopes that it will never be found again, least of all by Adelaide.

Part 2, Chapter 46 Summary

Winter descends upon Big Sandy with the first heavy snowstorm of the season. The changing season also brings misfortune to the community when several mysterious deaths and disappearances are reported. The town begins to feel that something strange is happening beyond the usual difficult weather and bad luck.

Part 2, Chapter 47 Summary

One day, Adelaide and Fiona ride to a nearby abandoned mining town in search of the grave of Fiona’s father. Fiona informs Adelaide that her father ran a laundry in Helena but was run out of town by the white community, particularly the women. She and Adelaide connect over the shared prejudice and discrimination that their families have experienced while trying to make their own way in the American West. Just outside the town, they ride past several large charcoal kilns. Upon entering the mostly abandoned town, they tie their horses up outside of one of the only remaining buildings: a tavern. Adelaide brings a gun into the building, and they find a group of men sitting around a table, though none of them are drinking. Fiona announces her mission, and the men eventually point her toward a cemetery just up the road.

Adelaide and Fiona explore the overgrown and mostly unmarked graves. Adelaide asks for the name of Fiona’s father, but Fiona tells her that his name won’t matter. Her father traveled from mining camp to mining camp working as a cook, and the miners referred to him as either “Joe” or “John Chinaman.” Each mining camp referred to any Chinese workers by these names, making it impossible to differentiate between them. As the two women examine the graveyard, the men from the tavern appear and begin to approach them, so Fiona and Adelaide ride away as fast as they can. They pass the charcoal kilns again, and this time they each believe they hear voices coming from inside the kilns. They ride back toward Big Sandy in silence, with Adelaide reflecting on Fiona’s devotion to a father she barely knew. She decides to tell Fiona the truth about her circumstances and history. Adelaide announces that she did not come to Montana as a “lone woman”; she brought her sister with her.

Part 2, Chapters 31-47 Analysis

The second part of LaValle’s Lone Women illuminates the often-overlooked groups and individuals who made up the American frontier at the turn of the 20th century. With the introduction of a variety of characters from wide-ranging minority backgrounds, all of whom played a pivotal role in the development of the Western United States, the author emphasizes the fact that women were clearly an integral part of the frontier landscape. Additionally, as is evident from the actions of Adelaide and her fellow “lone women,” they also played important roles outside of land cultivation. Within the context of the novel, this dynamic becomes a prominent part of the plot. For example, although Mrs. Reed’s inherent racism makes her an irredeemable character who is prone to acts of discrimination and exclusion, she does believe in highlighting the achievements of women of industry. An even more potent example is Bertie Brown, who owns her own tavern and lives life on her terms regardless of society’s strictures. Likewise, Fiona Wong provides laundry services for the Gregson Springs Hotel. Thus, all of these women provide necessary contributions to their local and regional economy, and they often do so without the support of men. Instead, these women build strategic relationships with one another in order to survive. They even engage in romantic relationships with one another, as seen with Bertie and Fiona. In this way, the author makes the case that the mythology of the American West is less dominated by masculinity than many accounts would suggest.

Lone Women also emphasizes the often-marginalized fact that the American West at the turn of the 20th century was far more diverse than is generally portrayed in popular culture today. While white settlers still form the dominant majority in the novel, the author acknowledges that frontier society in Montana contained many diverse characters who play prominent roles in the plot development. In addition to Adelaide, whose dramatic family background and will to survive in a harsh land provide the main focus of the novel, the supporting character of Bertie Brown is another prominent figure, and as a Black woman who is a business owner, she holds a place of considerable importance in Big Sandy’s daily economy. In fact, the goods she provides afford a degree of privilege among the people of Big Sandy regardless of her heritage. Even Mr. Reed, the most powerful man in town, is a frequent visitor to the Blind Pig and is able to overlook Bertie’s relationship with Fiona Wong. Fiona is a Chinese American woman and the daughter of one of the many Chinese immigrants who helped develop the American West by building the railroad, opening laundry services, and working in mining camps.

However, while the author creates a diverse cast of characters and fully develops each individual with respect and sensitivity, he does not gloss over the harsh prejudices and social injustices that such individuals faced during the time frame in which the novel is set. Thus, despite the multiracial and multiethnic nature of the American West, the second part of LaValle’s novel works to expose the racism and xenophobia inherent on the Montana frontier. This element is especially apparent in the scenes featuring Fiona, for she must constantly endure the brunt of the townspeople’s racism. For example, Mr. Reed initially refers to her using a racist slur, and Mrs. Reed’s support for women’s industry is apparently limited only to the endeavors of white women. Reflecting on what her father must have experienced, Fiona therefore remarks:

But I never saw one picture of the Chinese men who worked in these camps. You could almost believe they’d never been here. Easier to forget they were a part of all this, if you never have to look at them. Or maybe they just didn’t think men like my father were worth the expense of a photograph (194-95).

In light of the difficulties that Fiona faces, it is also important to note that Adelaide’s experience as a Black woman in the early 20th-century American frontier is easier than Fiona’s to a certain degree. She is confronted with fewer examples of overt racism and has an easier time developing friends and allies quickly. With this stylistic choice, the author emphasizes the fact that in this particular historical moment, anti-immigrant and anti-Asian sentiment was the prevailing attitude among many white settlers.

A contributing component of this attitude is the tension between the “old” American West and the dynamics of modern society. For example, Fiona’s method for laundering hotel linens is depicted as being old-fashioned, whereas Mrs. Sterling’s “power laundry” represents the more modern machine-based approach to cleanliness: a significant paradigm shift within this historical time frame. At the same time, Fiona’s very presence in Big Sandy signifies that traditional (i.e., white) society is fading to the background in favor of modern multiculturalism. Big Sandy, despite its small size, therefore provides many examples of the dichotomy between tradition and growing modernity. This trend is also emphasized in other ways, such as Mr. Reed’s purchase of a motor vehicle and McNamara and Marlow’s fears that the growing popularity of mail-order catalogs will put their general store out of business. Thus, Big Sandy and its community represent both the hidden diversity and the changing nature of society in the historical American West.

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