37 pages • 1 hour read
John Kotter, Holger Rathgeber, Illustr. Peter MuellerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Penguins approach Louis with suggestions for how he should manage the crisis. One says he must solve the problem on his own because he’s the leader. Another suggests he listen to young penguins who are experts on ice, and, when he objects that many of those are inexperienced and not well liked, the reply is, “So what’s your point?” (44).
Louis holds a quiet meeting with Alice, Fred, and Buddy, along with Jordan, “the Professor” and the Council’s intellectual. Louis admits he can’t solve the iceberg crisis by himself and wants them to work together as the team that guides the colony through the crisis.
Jordan asks why Louis assumes that this group will succeed, which irritates Alice. Louis suggests that Jordan evaluate the group and reach his own conclusion. Jordan thinks awhile and decides that Louis is smart, wise, and conservative; Alice is a problem-solver who’s fair-minded and can’t be intimidated; Buddy is well liked and trusted but not intellectual; Fred is younger, curious, and creative. Jordan himself is logical, well read, curious, and not very social. Together, they look like a strong team.
All members agree to work together. First, Louis asks them to close their eyes and point to the east. Each points, and, when they open their eyes, they find that each is pointing in a different direction. Then Louis invites them to join him in catching some squid for lunch. They dive into the sea and chase after the squid. At first they’re poorly coordinated, but soon they hunt together efficiently and catch enough squid for a decent meal.
Back on the iceberg, Louis leads them in a conversation that touches mainly on their lives and families and their hopes and dreams. For two more days, Louis leads the group in discussions, his purpose being “pulling together a team to guide the needed change” (54-55).
Alice prevails on the crisis team to invite ideas from the general colony. One penguin suggests drilling down to the cave to release pressure there, but the Professor calculates that, with every penguin digging, this would take more than five years. Another idea is to find a perfect iceberg; still another is to move onto the Antarctic land mass, though that would take the colony far from its food sources. One Leadership Council member suggests patching up the fissures with whale blubber as a temporary fix.
An older, respected colony member suggests that the extended group walk around on the iceberg, examining it with curiosity like Fred. They do so, listening to families and observing the berg. At one point, Fred points upward, and the penguins see a white bird in flight. Normally this never occurs in Antarctica, so they’re fascinated. Flying birds get them thinking about the possibility that the colony might need a new way of life.
The white bird, a seagull, lands for a while, and Buddy talks to him. The gull says he’s a scout for his clan, searching for their next place to live. The group realizes that they, too, might become nomads with no fixed home: “the team had succeeded in creating a vision of a new future, and one that seemed plausible” (66).
Louis calls for a noon meeting of the colony. Jordan prepares an elaborate, point-by-point lecture, but Buddy gets confused by it right away. Louis decides to take a different approach. He asks the crowd to remember “who we really are” (69)—respectful, disciplined, responsible, with love for each other and the young—and that these traits don’t depend on the big slab of ice on which they stand. Who they are isn’t where they live.
The Leader has Buddy tell everyone what he’s learned about the gulls, especially that they’re free to live where they like. The gathered penguins talk this over. Louis points out that penguins are stronger and smarter than gulls and can do even better at finding a new home. About a third of the penguins agree at once, half want to think about it, and 20%, including NoNo, are skeptical or hostile.
After the meeting, Alice suggests that the crisis team keep getting the message out by erecting ice posters with reminders of what they said today. The more creative and youthful penguins get involved, and, every day for a week, 20 or more posters with catchy slogans get installed all over the island and even under water. The crisis team creates “talking circles” where team members start the conversation and penguins discuss the idea of nomadic life. In these ways, the team succeeds in getting their new idea across and building enthusiasm.
The penguins begin to work in groups to plan logistics, scouting, and mapping. On the good side, optimism has increased and lots of birds volunteer to be scouts. On the bad side, NoNo’s group forecasts storms and harsh currents, a kindergarten teacher tells horror stories about killer whales that cause young penguins to suffer nightmares, and some on the Council argue over who should be chosen to direct the scouts. Also, busy scouts won’t have enough time to feed properly.
Amanda, who at first works long hours to prepare for the great scouting expedition, meets with resistance from her husband, calms nightmares in her child, and hears the drone of fears about starving scouts. NoNo lectures constantly against the nomad project. Like others similarly intimidated by all the obstacles, Amanda devotes less time to preparation and begins to avoid meetings.
Alice notices discouragement growing within the ranks and warns the crisis team. Louis appoints Jordan to follow NoNo around and badger him with the need for better weather predictions. Louis then quickly solves the scout-leadership bickering by saying, “Enough!” Buddy talks with the kindergarten teacher, who bursts into tears and confesses that she fears the big change will make her obsolete. He assures her that the children will need her more than ever in the new and different world the colony will soon discover. She begins telling her students stories about heroes who help others.
Enthusiasm among the penguins goes back up, and many begin to participate once again. Some of the little ones want to be helpful heroes, and they work with the kindergarten teacher to create “Tribute to Our Heroes Day” (93). More adults sign up to help feed the scouts.
A lot of penguins volunteer to be scouts. Louis wants to quickly gather some encouraging information about possible new homes, so Fred selects several of the most motivated and athletic candidates to do an early search.
On their return, the scouts will need a huge meal of fish—up to 20 pounds—but tradition dictates that penguins feed only their own families. Kindergartener Sally Ann comes up with a solution: the Heroes Day festival will charge an “unusual price of admission: two fish per adult” (98). The kids campaign successfully to convince reluctant parents to agree.
The first scouts head out; they’re scheduled to return on Hero’s Day. NoNo tells others that half of the scouts will get lost or become “Whale food,” and many believe him. On Hero’s Day, though, every scout returns, though some are famished, and one is injured. They tell of their adventures and of new icebergs. The kids give them ice medals, and everyone cheers. Louis awards Sally Ann the now-legendary cracked bottle for her work as the colony’s littlest hero.
The scouts’ successful outing, and the Hero’s Day celebration, creates “a short-term win” (103) that inspires the colony to continue its search for a new home.
The next morning, Louis gathers the returned scouts, and the Professor asks them detailed questions about their finds. Based on their information, Louis sends a second wave of scouts to focus on the most promising places for a new home. Alice meanwhile campaigns relentlessly to keep the leadership on track so that slackers and doubters don’t drag the colony back into wishful listlessness.
The second-wave scouts return—by now the adult penguins are glad to feed them—and they bring a strongly positive report on one iceberg. The Professor travels to inspect it: It’s solid and un-fissured, contains a snow wall against storms, floats near food sources, and can be reached by small iceberg rest-stops on the way.
As winter closes in, the penguins embark on their journey to a new home. A few get lost but are quickly found. Louis’s leadership earns him new respect, and Buddy proves valuable in calming nervous travelers. Alice works hard, Fred invents solutions to problems that arise, and the colony finds its way to the new iceberg.
Winter arrives and problems bubble up, but the penguins solve them. The following year, scouts find an even better iceberg, and rather than remain complacent or revert to simple fear, the colony moves again. Now that they know how, the penguins’ second move is much easier than the first.
In their new home, many penguins again grow complacent, but those who enjoyed participating in the creative efforts of the move now wish to keep those activities going. They establish a scouting school curriculum, give even more fish to their scouts, appoint Fred as Head of the Scouts, and select the Professor to be chief of weather forecasting. Sally Ann and her parents host an ongoing discussion group about keeping the colony from becoming complacent. Buddy finds good candidates to fill other newly important jobs; Louis finally gets to retire; Alice becomes Head Penguin.
The colony thrives and grows. It gets better at handling problems and grabbing opportunities. Louis, who now teaches young children about their community’s history, believes the greatest change in the colony is its willingness to change.
In these chapters, the penguins organize their response to the iceberg crisis, meet the challenge, find a new home, and maintain their readiness for any further trouble. Their approach to the problem mirrors the authors’ Eight Step Process for making successful changes.
Head Penguin Louis hand-picks a team to lead the colony through the crisis. The authors highlight this meeting, and the choices Louis makes, pointing out that his choices include a variety of personalities and strengths that balance each other so their decisions don’t become too one-sided or single-minded. Jordan, the Professor, joins the team because Louis appreciates his precise, careful way of thinking. If anyone will catch costly errors, it’s Jordan. Jordan’s assent also serves as the authors’ way of adding a stamp of approval to the steps in their problem-solving system.
Two major features of the team’s approach are finding ways to constructively counter the colony’s naysayers and reaching out to anyone with a bright idea. Instead of arguing against doubters like NoNo, they move steadfastly ahead in promoting their positive idea of actively solving the problem instead of running away from it. Unlike so many organizations that ignore solutions proposed by members outside the leadership, Louis’s team deliberately encourages others to be as inventive as possible. They do, of course, thoroughly vet every idea presented to them, but the process gets everyone involved, and this gives each member a sense of participation in, and ownership of, the quest.
The leaders even solicit advice from kindergarteners. Unburdened by biases, children often see past the oversights in their elders’ thinking. Adults can get stuck in mental ruts about problem-solving, and kids sometimes break through creative logjams with disarmingly simple solutions. Sally Ann’s idea to charge a two-fish admission to the Hero’s Day festivities neatly skirts the colony’s age-old tradition of families feeding only themselves, which allows for the re-nourishing of hungry scouts when they return from exploratory outings. Such innovations prove critical to the search’s success.
The leaders also give wide latitude to groups that form to help with the hard work of planning and carrying out the move. Rather than trying to steal the credit for any successes, leaders make a point of honoring those who have made contributions. They get the children involved in this activity—kindergarteners make Hero medallions and award them ceremoniously to returning scouts—and the youngsters’ enthusiasm helps inspire their parents and unify the colony.
The leaders, along with many of the hardest-working participants, wisely takes steps to inculcate in the community a sense of ongoing responsibility for their future. This includes teaching the history of the colony’s successful response to the crisis, establishing a course of study for up-and-coming scouts, and encouraging a culture of forward-thinking creativity when dealing with any problem that arises. Their new nomadic culture won’t fade back into settled complacency if the penguins remember the benefits of thinking ahead, meeting problems head-on, and retaining a can-do attitude.
All these steps apply to any organization in the modern world, where continual change throws obstacles and dangers in the paths of groups. It’s not that associations must constantly be tough and solemn, exhausted by worry over looming threats, but that they stay alert to dangers and inspired by possibilities. Every problem contains opportunities if a group is willing to find them.