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56 pages 1 hour read

David R. Hawkins

Power vs. Force: The Hidden Determinants of Human Behavior

Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 1985

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Part 2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “Work”

Part 2, Chapter 9 Summary: “Power Patterns in Human Attitudes”

Since high- and low-energy attractor patterns have such important consequences, Hawkins recommends reflecting on contrasting pairs of qualities to identify them in one’s own life. He provides a list of over 100 such pairs in alphabetical order, ranging from “Abundant … Excessive” to “Warm … Feverish.”

Hawkins claims that the universe favors power and does not forget. The concept of karma aside, every choice of “who and how to be” (143) has great consequences. As reported in near-death experiences, which calibrate at high levels, people must eventually accept responsibility for all their thoughts, words, and actions. In this sense, people “create their own heaven and hell” (143).

The universe itself is “highly conscious” and every thought, act, and choice made by an individual affects everyone. Choices reinforce the formation of M-Fields, attractor patterns that influence others. Choices that support life support all of life. Hawkins asserts that what was once a metaphysical statement is now a scientific fact. Everything in the universe produces an energy pattern of a specific frequency; every thought is “known and recorded forever” (144), and everyone’s life is ultimately accountable to the universe.

Part 2, Chapter 10 Summary: “Power in Politics”

The interactions of humans and governments show the differences between force and power and the implications of the distinction. Principles that calibrate at a high level—such as the inalienable right to freedom, established by the American Revolution—affect humankind profoundly.

Mahatma Gandhi, whose nonviolent protests ended British rule over India, was a solitary person who defeated an empire that at the time ruled two-thirds of the world. He did this by standing for a principle, the human right to freedom and self-determination. Gandhi believed human rights belonged to humankind by virtue of the divinity of his creation. While violence is force, Gandhi was aligned with power and so forbade the use of violence in his cause. Colonialism calibrates at 175, but the principles for which he stood calibrate at 700.

Communist and fascist governments produce tyrants such as Hitler and Stalin. Both forms depend on the use of force and can be defeated, as Hitler was by Churchill, by principles of freedom and sacrifice. Force can be seductive and glamorous, often manifesting in the guise of false patriotism or dominance. Weak people are attracted to it. True power, however, is not glamorous but instead shows humility.

Political systems that begin with true power can be corrupted by self-seekers, just as communism degraded from a humanitarian ideal to a tyrannical state. Similarly, politicians often rule by force and exploit others to serve their own ambitions, while statesmen invoke human nobility and sacrifice themselves to serve others. Power is aligned with the truth, which is self-evident. Unlike force, power does not require justification. Power is associated with “that which supports life,” while force is associated with “that which exploits life” to benefit an individual or organization (147). Force divides and polarizes, where power unifies.

Hawkins believes that democracy is recognized as the superior form of government. However, a movement toward democracy doesn’t show a pattern of A causing B which causes C. Rather, it is the unfolding of an ABC attractor pattern from which a society evolves. The power of the United States arises from the principles on which it was founded and its foundational documents. The statement from the Declaration of Independence that “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” calibrates at 700. Democracy recognizes that these principles are endowed by a “Divine Higher Power” (150).

Hawkins sees a distinction between religion, which is often associated with force, and spirituality, which is always associated with nonviolence. He believes that the Constitution has been “dimmed” by pockets of totalitarianism within government. Principles such as Americanism can also be misused, such as by white supremacists.

Part 2, Chapter 11 Summary: “Power in the Marketplace”

Just as humans have freedom of choice, the ultimate choice is whether to align with a high-energy attractor field or a low-energy one. Weak patterns that can destroy civilizations also destroy organizations and careers. This is especially true in the world of business, where buyers can be easily taken in by imitator patterns that look like high-energy attractors and are really shams.

In contrast, good business leaders exercise power. Hawkins offers the example of Sam Walton, founder of Walmart, whose employees are trained to be accommodating and energetic. Their focus on service shows commitment to the support of human value. Successful companies like Walmart also promote a family feeling among employees. This helps to prevent employee turnover and shortages.

Quality should be stressed in products rather than planned obsolescence, which happens in the auto market. Advertising should make people “go strong” to create a positive feeling about the product.

In other marketplaces besides commerce, the fulfillment of human needs is a commodity. Government institutions go astray because people can’t always recognize the important factors in a situation; their level of consciousness limits their perception. This creates bias and a false sense of causality. Hawkins believes that if groups would support solutions instead of attacking causes, they would have success. This is why vice squads do not solve the problem of crime.

Sentimentality, moralizing, and falsehood, all weak approaches, also interfere with the solution of social problems. Punishment equates to revenge at a weak energy level of 150. Powerful solutions are based at the level of Acceptance, 350, not condemnation and Anger, 150. Hawkins offers designated red-light districts in Amsterdam as a positive example and the criminalization of “soft” drugs as a negative one.

Part 2, Chapter 12 Summary: “Power and Sports”

Hawkins claims that his ideas about consciousness apply to any field of human activity, including sports. Athletes strive to overcome human limitations and often reach high levels of consciousness after breaking through a physical limit. The breakthrough, like Roger Bannister’s achievement of breaking the four-minute mile, then creates a new paradigm for achievement.

Hawkins points to a movie about a world deep-sea diving champion, Jacques Mayol, as an example. The film, The Big Blue, calibrated at an energy level of 700, representing the oneness of all life and universal truth. Slow-motion photography emphasizes the intensity of Mayol’s concentration as he transcends his limits.

Great athletes show humility. They express gratitude and often thank a higher power. They do not show pride, which makes a performer “go weak.” It is important for them to view their excellence as a gift belonging to humankind, not a personal accomplishment. Pride is not intrinsically wrong, but it must embrace human achievement.

Athletes should be celebrated because they have overcome personal ambition in service to a higher principle. This is especially true of Olympic athletes, who inspire others to seek excellence.

Part 2, Chapter 13 Summary: “Social Power and the Human Spirit”

The term “spirit” refers to an unseen essence that is the energy of life. An individual or nation that loses or lacks spiritual qualities is devoid of humanity. However, spirituality is not religion. Force often distorts truth in the name of religion.

Hawkins offers an example of a spiritual organization in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). It is not allied with any religion, and all members are equal. There is no coercion; the 12 steps are suggestions. AA respects freedom, and its “power patterns” are those of positive qualities, such as honesty and goodwill. It charts a path for its members, offering a way to find health and self-respect.

AA has inspired nearly 300 12-step self-help organizations, greatly lifting Americans from suffering. It also helps society by saving billions of dollars. It prevents absenteeism, welfare, health care, and other social issues. Its members agree to admit the limitations of their egos to experience a true power.

Hawkins traces the history of AA beginning with Rowland H., a businessman who in the 1930s was treated for alcohol dependency by the psychoanalyst Carl Jung. Jung suggested that the man surrender to God. Rowland joined an organization that promoted spiritual growth and recovered. He helped a friend recover, and this friend in turn helped another. The last man, “Bill W.,” went from atheism to experiencing a transformative presence.

Bill W. cofounded AA with a surgeon, “Dr. Bob.” His principles, like those of all great religions, retain their “innate attractor power pattern” (174) as ideals for which humankind strives.

Part 2, Chapter 14 Summary: “Power in the Arts”

Great works of art, music, and architecture are “representations of the effect of high-energy patterns” (176). Great art makes order from chaos, and Art and Love are “man’s greatest gifts to himself” (177). Carl Jung, who calibrates higher than any other psychoanalyst in history, emphasized the relationship of art to human dignity and spirit.

Music is the most subtle but also the most emotional of the arts. This is especially true of classical music. Architecture is the most tangible art, and cathedrals calibrate the highest among forms. Power is always expressed with grace, because graciousness implies respect and love for others. To people of advanced consciousness, all form is beauty.

Part 2, Chapter 15 Summary: “Genius and the Power of Creativity”

Creativity and genius are “the center of powerful, high-energy attractors” (181). Genius is a style of consciousness and is characterized by the ability to access high-energy attractor patterns. A true genius is humble, attributing their insights to a higher influence. The genius often solves a problem or creates a masterpiece through a sudden revelation.

Attractor energy patterns have harmonics, like musical tones. The higher frequency the harmonic, the higher the power will be. A genius finds a new, higher harmonic. Posing a question activates an attractor, and the answer lies within the harmonic.

Since consciousness is a universal quality, genius is universal and available to everyone. It can take many forms and does not equate to having a high IQ, which measures academic capacity. It does, however, require near-genius to recognize genius, which makes it an untapped resource in society.

Geniuses are also considered to be eccentric. In fact, because they align with high-energy attractors, they have a different perspective on life. Their work may include periods of great intensity, since dedication is required.

Part 2, Chapter 16 Summary: “Surviving Success”

Hawkins makes a distinction between success and Success. Mere success, which can take the form of celebrity, can jeopardize one’s life, but Success enhances it and supports the spirit.

Celebrity can distort a person’s ego and reinforce their “small” self, which is aligned with weak attractor patterns. True Success, however, aligns with the “big” Self and high-power energy fields. Many successful people use their power to help others.

Truly successful people identify with Hawkins’s formula of causality, the idea that a pattern called ABC exists before the sequence of A causing B, which causes C. The pattern or source of power lies within. The ladder of achievement for the truly successful has three steps. First, their status depends on signs of material wealth. Next, status comes from what one does. Finally, one is concerned “only with what one has become as a result of life’s experiences” (189).

Part 2, Chapter 17 Summary: “Physical Health and Power”

Attractors create context, meaning that one’s motive, the result of principles, determines a person’s capacity to understand and so gives significance to their actions. Alignment with principles is a striking factor of good health.

The nervous system can differentiate between patterns that support or destroy life. High-power attractor energy fields release brain endorphins, strengthening the organs. Adrenaline, released in times of stress, suppresses immune responses.

This concept is the basis of treatments such as acupuncture and reflexology. They aim to correct an imbalance, but the underlying attitude must first change. Good health is associated with positive attitudes, which psychoanalysts call welfare emotions. Negative attitudes, called emergency emotions, weaken a person’s power. Stress is not itself a cause of illness; the attitudes that activate the stress are the cause.

Physical substances also affect health. For instance, artificial coloring makes the body “go weak”; organic vitamin C strengthens it. Hawkins laments the American Medical Association and National Council on Food and Nutrition’s lack of knowledge of the link between nutrition, behavior, and health. His own work on the subject has been ignored or deemed controversial.

Part 2, Chapter 18 Summary: “Wellness and the Disease Process”

Hawkins turns to the topic of the nature of the disease process with regard to attractor research. In his model, an idea presents itself as an attitude, which is associated with an attractor energy field of corresponding power or weakness. The result is a perception of the world.

Hawkins claims that kinesiologic testing shows that certain acupuncture points are linked with specific attitudes. Meridians, or pathways of energy, connect attitudes to the body’s organs, so there is a heart meridian, a gallbladder meridian, and so on.

Hawkins returns to concepts from chaos theory, focusing on the associated law of sensitive dependence—by which a small change in a pattern of inputs can significantly change an output—to discuss the process by which a negative worldview leads to disease. When a negative worldview dominates the mind, changes in energy flows to various organs result. By the law of sensitive dependence, these changes eventually become discernible through medical testing in the form of disease. Following this scheme of disease formation, Hawkins argues that all diseases are reversible by “changing thought patterns and habitual responses” (199).

This scheme explains why people in AA don’t begin to recover until they experience a radical change in personality, in which they identify with positive attractor patterns such as love and laughter. Similarly, a lifelong affliction can heal with a shift of attitude, though that shift may take years of inward preparation. Compassion for oneself and others is critical in this process.

Hawkins concludes the chapter by saying that death itself is merely an illusion. Life continues after death, unimpeded by the limitation of perception that is manifested in the physical body. Consciousness “survives beyond the body in a different realm of existence” (203).

Part 2 Analysis

The focus of Part 2 is Power Versus Force and how the distinction between them manifests in many different human endeavors. Hawkins’s arguments in these chapters largely, but not always, proceed by showing a contrast between opposites. He argues that since power is associated with positive, life-giving qualities and force with negative, selfish ones, Hawkins’s distinctions tend to manifest in dichotomies such as statesman/politician, spirituality/religiosity, athlete/competitor, success/celebrity.

Some topics, however, do not offer clear dichotomies. The lengthy list of power patterns that Hawkins provides in Chapter 9 does not clearly show power working in opposition to force. Some of the high-energy and low-energy patterns, like “Accepting … Rejecting,” are opposites, but others are more connotative in meaning, such as “Beautiful… Glamorous” and “Brilliant … Clever.” In some cases, power is merely shown to be a superior guide to life, not an alternative to force.

Similarly, when Hawkins turns to a discussion of the arts in Chapter 14, he can only calibrate the difference between original art and mechanical reproductions. The discussion of genius in Chapter 15 provides no contrasting, negative quality; it is simply a superior level of consciousness. His goal is not to criticize people who show negative qualities but, through his research and theorizing, to show how spiritual alignment benefits personal and social well-being.

Hawkins continues his recursive method in Part 2 by revisiting points he made earlier to reveal nuances and deepen understanding through the specific lens of power and force. For example, he mentions near-death experiences at various points in the book. In Chapter 4, he points out that near-death experiences and allow people to experience the very high energy level between 540 and 600. In Chapter 6, he points out that these experiences are usually transformative and change a person forever. In Chapter 9, he uses them to illustrate the fact that humans must accept responsibility for all their thoughts, words, and deeds. In this way, we “each create our own heaven or hell” (143).

Hawkins’s discussion of physical health and power focuses on stress, adding a medical dimension to his discussion of The Illusion of Duality and Causality by claiming that self-generated stress is what causes disease. Earlier, he stated that it isn’t life’s events, but how one reacts to them, that creates stress. In making this assertion, Hawkins does not recognize, or engage with, any wider socioeconomic structures that are known to cause stress in many individuals, such as poverty or discrimination. In claiming that all stress is self-generated, Hawkins maintains his highly individualistic focus, presenting individuals as having full control over their emotions and reactions if they are sufficiently enlightened. He returns to this argument in Chapter 17, now linking stress to the key determinants in distinguishing power from force: Motive and context.

Hawkins also argues that he has found a link between stress and negative thinking with his kinesiologic research. However, his assertions that negative worldviews can lead to disease and that all diseases are reversible merely by “changing thought patterns and habitual responses” (199) are not backed up by verified medical science. Hawkins admits that authoritative medical bodies, such as the American Medical Association and the National Council on Food and Nutrition, reject his findings as unscientific, but he does not engage with specific criticisms they have made regarding his methodology and theories.

Hawkins’s position on some social issues discussed in Part 2 may also be considered controversial, or at least political. For instance, he finds the “red-light districts” of Amsterdam, where sex work is decriminalized, a positive solution. Similarly, he believes recreational drugs should be decriminalized to support power over force, and he has a dim view of what he calls religiosity. Like some of the power patterns defined in Chapter 9, he ascribes a negative connotation to the word, using it to describe spiritual fervor that leads to intolerance.

Hawkins also commits some historical inaccuracies when drawing upon historical events or figures to make his arguments. For example, he criticizes both communist and fascist governments for being enthralled to force instead of power, pointing to Hitler and Stalin as examples of tyrants born out of these systems. He then argues that Churchill defeated Hitler thanks to Churchill’s alignment with power and principles of freedom and sacrifice. Hawkins ignores the fact that Stalin himself was one of the Allied powers, and that the Soviet Red Army was instrumental in defeating Hitler’s forces. Since Hawkins has claimed that only power can defeat force, and that both communism and fascism are aligned with force, the Red Army’s defeat of Hitler creates a contradiction in his reasoning which he does not acknowledge.

Similarly, Hawkins demonstrates a western-centric view in claiming that the United States is more enlightened than most countries thanks to the Declaration of Independence, and he claims that the United States became powerful through the principles it was founded upon. In making these assertions, Hawkins does not address the geopolitical, economic, or militaristic factors that helped transform the US into a superpower, instead presenting the country’s rise as something based mainly on having what he regards as the “right” principles. He also omits any acknowledgement of the historical contexts of discrimination against Indigenous peoples, Black Americans, immigrants, and women that were present from the founding of the country. Such legal injustices were based explicitly on force, perpetuating enslavement and the systematic denial of rights to non-male, non-white groups for much of American history. Hawkins, however, does not address any of these issues.

In Chapter 10 the author returns to a favorite subject, Mahatma Gandhi, to demonstrate the power of a solitary individual in the political arena and The Divinity of Consciousness. Gandhi is cited frequently by Hawkins as an example of an enlightened figure who is calibrated at nearly the top of the range of human consciousness. The author also revisits the concept of the ABC attractor pattern to discuss the rise of democracy as the unfolding of a great power rather than a sequence of events, presenting democracy as inherently more enlightened than other political systems.

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