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66 pages 2 hours read

Amitav Ghosh

Sea of Poppies

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2008

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Part 3, Chapters 21-22Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3

Part 3, Chapter 21 Summary

Baboo Nob Kissin comes to visit the two convicts in their cell under the pretense of giving a tour of inspection; in reality, though, his aim is to visit Taramony’s adopted son to provide him with food. Neel asks why he is being so generous and is surprised to hear it’s because of Ma Taramony, whom he is aware passed away. Baboo Nob Kissin begins to explain, but instead chooses to signal by pointing toward himself. Neel understands to some extent, but when the guards rush Nob Kissin out, their conversation is forced to be postponed until later. After they leave, Neel automatically begins dividing the food to give Ah Fatt half. Ah Fatt tries to apologize, but Neel cuts him off; instead, Ah Fatt promises to kill Crowle.

The migrants spend all day preparing for the wedding of Ecka and Heeru, an affair that quickly grows loud and celebratory, so much so that initially they don’t hear the cries from above. They realize that Munia is missing, and surmise that Jodu and Munia met each other in secret. They were caught talking to one another, and the guards are now beating him. Crowle sees what’s happening and steps in to join in the beating of “Reid’s little scumsucker” (456); once they’ve finished beating him, they throw him in the cell and turn to Munia.

When the migrants hear Munia being dragged away, they decide to make as much noise as possible until someone will listen to them. One of the guards eventually agrees to listen to them, and Deeti argues for them to let the migrants handle Munia. Instead, they come back with the terms that only Deeti can come to speak with Munia; Deeti forces them to allow Kalua above deck with her, and they accede to her request. However, when they reach the guards’ quarters, they allow only Deeti below.

Munia is excited her see her, but as soon as she enters, she discovers that it was a trap: Bhyro Singh is aware of who she and Kalua are and has been waiting for an opportunity. He has already set Kalua to go to a plantation where he is sure to be killed; he restrains Deeti and threatens to rape her.

Kalua hears Munia’s cries for help. Kalua hatches a plan; knowing he wouldn’t be able to storm the guards’ quarters, he instead moves for the deckhouse bell to sound an alarm. The guards try to stop him, but he breaks free from them and manages to ring the bell. In the milieu, when the ship rolls, one of the guards falls overboard.

Deeti and Munia are released and returned to the migrants’ quarters thanks to the bell. The guards claim that Kalua murdered the guard who fell overboard. The guards have Kalua tied to the mast, and Chillingworth meets with Crowle and Zachary to discuss the matter. Chillingworth decides that it is not his place to determine whether or not to execute Kalua; however, he allows Bhyro Singh his own punishment of sixty lashes for Kalua’s acts back in Ghazipur. Zachary is stunned; Chillingworth, unaware of Zachary’s origins, tries to explain it by asking what any of the crew might do with a black man who had been with a female relative of theirs. He tells Zachary that part of the unspoken pact between the English and the Indians is that the Indians be allowed to handle matters of marriage and procreation in their own way.

Back in the hold, Paulette tries to scold Jodu; however, Jodu reminds her that he, too, tried to warn her not to do something, and she chose to do it anyway. Jodu tells her that he’d rather drown than remain aboard the Ibis after his humiliation at the hands of the guards, and warns her of a secret plan being hatched to escape the ship.

When it comes time for Kalua’s flogging, the overseers gather all the able-bodied men in the hold and bring them up top to witness it. Everything unfolds “at a slow, ceremonial pace, to allow the migrants time to absorb every element of it: it was as though they were being primed, not merely to watch the flogging, but actually to share in the experience of the pain” (472). The enormity of Kalua, however, requires them to improvise in restraining him, tying his hands to the deck rather than the structure they’d built for the purpose.

Kalua bides his time as Bhyro Singh flogs him and begins using his reaction to the strokes to bite through his restraints. When there are only a few threads left, he pulls his hands free at just the right moment and snaps Bhyro Singh’s neck. 

Part 3, Chapter 22 Summary

When the guards attempt to lynch Kalua, the officers need to regain control and order; despite being three against a crowd of guards, the guards have no firearms, and the guards eventually back down and relinquish Kalua. Chillingworth promises that Kalua will hang, but refuses to do so immediately following Bhyro Singh’s death; instead, Kalua’s hanging will occur the following day.

Below deck, Deeti seeks consolation in Paulette, who informs her that there is a plan in place that may save Kalua before the execution. Above deck, worried about the weather, Chillingworth orders the mates to ride it out; they both believe that the caution is excessive, but Chillingworth demands it and retreats to his quarters.

That evening, Zachary is in his quarters when he is visited by Paulette, who reveals herself to him. Zachary believes Paulette’s actions were merely to “show [him] up for a fool” (486) and believes Paulette and Serang Ali to be attempting to blackmail him, and their encounter turns snippy.

Elsewhere, Baboo Nob Kissin begins to prepare the prisoners for escape before returning to Zachary’s quarters. Overwhelmed with excitement, he pauses outside the door to “dance with” Taramony; however, Crowle comes upon him and takes the piece of paper with Zachary’s true heritage on it.

Through the door, Crowle summons Zachary to his quarters and sends Nob Kissin into Zachary’s, locking the door with an oar behind him. It is only now that Zachary discovers that the original manifest had identified him as black. Crowle, however, rather than wishing to expose him, offers that they might become a team, with “me [Crowle] as skipper, and y’self as mate” (492). Zachary declines his request, informing him that the paper changes nothing in his eyes.

At this point, Crowle tries to blackmail him, threatening to take it to Chillingworth. Zachary again calls his bluff and reminds him that he himself just tried to plan a mutiny. At this, Crowle draws a knife on Zachary. As he curses Zachary, Ah Fatt sneaks into the cabin behind him; Crowle tries to attack him, but Ah Fatt kills Crowle and leaves the room. As he dies, Crowle tells Zachary that he was “the one I’se been lookin for” (495). Zachary bursts from his cabin and runs above deck in time to see a longboat carrying Serang Ali, Jodu, Neel, Ah Fatt, and Kalua disappear behind the waves. On deck are Paulette, Baboo Nob Kissin, and Deeti: “Although it was the first time he had seen her face, he knew that he had glimpsed her somewhere, standing much as she was now, in a wet sari, hair dripping, looking at him with startled grey eyes” (496).

Part 3, Chapters 21-22 Analysis

As might be expected in the first book of a trilogy, the final chapters both draw certain storylines to a close while opening up new mysteries for investigation. Kalua manages to escape execution; Serang Ali and Jodu escape the Ibis; Neel and Ah Fatt escape their imprisonment; and Paulette and Zachary finally reveal the truth about themselves to one another. More mysteries are raised, however: though Crowle’s story comes to an end, his statements to Zachary in his final moments are puzzling, not because he offered mutiny but because he was looking for something that he found in Zachary, something he was unable to articulate before passing away. Chillingworth, too, acts mysteriously—why postpone an execution for the sake of people ready to take their vengeance? Why take extra precaution to ride out what looked to be a weak storm? His actions are minute but suggest a deeper motivation, particularly given that Chillingworth is known for having never lost a prisoner. Lastly, though having never met previously, Deeti and Zachary apparently recognize one another.

The question of the rule of law becomes entangled in politics. Chillingworth’s sentence for Kalua is a logical nightmare: having previously declared himself the rule of law at sea, he instead defers to the court system in Port Louis for sentencing, yet this deferment seems mute, given that he then allows Bhyro Singh to sentence him, separately, to sixty lashes, a number which would almost certainly have killed Kalua anyway. His reasoning makes clear that his version of the rule of law is about upholding systems, or at least appearing to: he allows the flogging because he believes issues of marriage and procreation to be the realm of “one’s own,” a philosophy he believes to be essential in order to maintain the peace on a large scale.

Here, Kalua once again demonstrates the discrepancy between his intelligence and others’ views of him. Deeti dismisses his concerns about Bhyro Singh, concerns which turn out to be accurate: Deeti drew attention to them, and Bhyro Singh had it in for them. Later, Kalua hatches not one but two plans while under great duress: first to save Deeti and Munia, then later to save himself. It becomes clear here and elsewhere that there is a stark contrast between how others view and understand him and the truth about him—a theme that runs throughout the novel, arising in various ways. So much of the novel depends on the beliefs we hold of others and how these beliefs are illusions that, as Baboo Nob Kissin believes, ultimately imprison us. 

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