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Ana CastilloA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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This chapter spans many years in the life of Sofia, often called Sofi, and her four daughters:Esperanza, Caridad, Fe, and La Loca. The novel opens with a seizure of the youngest daughter, nicknamed La Loca (meaning the crazy one). The three-year-old is pronounced dead by the local doctor but rises from the dead in the midst of her own funeral. Though later diagnosed as an epileptic and possibly pronounced dead erroneously, La Loca claims to have travelled to hell, purgatory, and heaven during the time she was dead. She leaps from her coffin and lands on the roof of the church, shocking the funeral attendees and garnering a reputation as a child who performs “miracles” (23). As time goes on, La Loca earns her nickname, “and even La Loca’s mother and sisters called her that because her behavior was so peculiar” (25). She has a deep aversion to physical touch, keeps mostly to her mother’s house, and spends her time praying for her sisters’ well-being.
We also get an overview of the late teen years and early adulthood of the remaining sisters, noting that they “had each gone out into the world and had all eventually returned to their mother’s home” (25). The eldest, Esperanza (meaning hope),is the only one to finish college and goes so far as to obtainamaster’s degree. While working as a news broadcaster, she reconnects with her old college boyfriend, Rubén, but their relationship is relegated to bi-monthly meetings where they attend the Native-American Church and have sex with no significant contact in between.
Caridad (meaning Charity)is the most beautiful of the sisters and drops out of college. She marries her high school sweetheart, Memo, becomes pregnant, then allows La Loca to perform an abortion when she discovers Memo’s infidelity. She has two subsequent abortions and engages in a life of drinking and casual sex. One night, Caridad is attacked by an unknown assailant and, “came home one night as mangled as a stray cat, having been left for dead by the side of the road” (33). While recovering in Sofi’s house, she miraculously becomes a “whole and once again beautiful Caridad” (37). La Loca reports that she has prayed for Caridad’s recovery.
Fe (meaning faith) “was fine” until her seemingly perfect relationship with her fiancé,Tom, falls apart and her orderly life caves in (27). After receiving a letter that spontaneously ends their relationship, Fe begins screaming and only stops when she sleeps. This goes on for an entire year. At the same time that Caridad becomes whole again, Fe stops screaming and becomes calm again, which is attributed to La Loca’s prayers.
The same night of Fe and Caridad’s recoveries, Sofi’s long-estranged husband Domingo returns, and “Some say, that was the true miracle of that night” (40). Though Sofi kicks Domingo off the farm twenty years ago, the majority of the novel perpetuates the idea that Domingo makes the choice to abandon the family. When he returns, he offers no explanation for his absence, but rumor suggests he was running a gambling house or even a “house of ill-repute” (41). He takes up residence on the farm once again.
After Caridad’s “Holy Restoration” (43), she gains the ability to make predictions about the future, four of which unfold in this chapter. First, she predicts that Esperanza will return home from her job in Washington, D.C., which comes true immediately. Esperanza explains that she is homesick and wants to visit before going on a journalistic assignment to Saudi Arabia, despite her family’s protestations.
Next, Caridad dreams of her horse, Corazón, leading a pack of 113 horses. Domingo, full of faith from Caridad’s first display of prophecy, places a lottery bet on 113 and wins $80.Third, Caridad predicts the return of the family’s Irish setter, who was presumed dead for months. The dog resurfaces in the barn, where she has given birth to a litter of mixed-breed puppies. Finally, Caridad predicts that she and Corazón will leave home, but they will not be together for long. Caridad duly resumes her job as an orderly at the hospital and rents a trailer in a larger park. There is no stable for Corazón, so she keeps her tied up by the trailer. The trailer park’s landlady, doña Felicia, is a kind old woman who keeps an eye on both Caridad and Corazón at Sofi’s request.
One night, Corazón escapes and ends up on the side of the highway with a broken hoof. The police find her and shoot her, bringing back her remains to the devastated Caridad. She seeks solace from doña Felicia, who suggests that Caridad’s mystical gifts are significant and that she could be doing more to help people than just working as a hospital orderly. Doña Felicia tells Caridad that she will instruct and guide her so that she can more fully connect to her gifts as a healer and listen to God’s directions in this regard.
Caridad flourishes under the tutelage of doña Felicia, who is a long-practicing curandera. This type of traditional folk healer typically lives in Latin America and parts of the U.S. and mixes native folk medicine and religion along with Roman Catholic prayers and practices.Doña Felicia teaches Caridad that the curandera has not only “the health of her patients in her own hands but the spirit as well” (62).Caridad duly assists doña Felicia in diagnosing and healing an array of both physical and spiritual ailments, from empacho (a gastrointestinal obstruction) to mal de ojo (evil eye).
As an apprentice curandera, Caridad also begins to heal herself and is “slowly restored internally by the psychic attentiveness she received from her teacher and which she learned to give herself” (63). She eats healthily, practices yoga, and attends to patients all day long. Caridad maintains an altar of saints and pictures of her family, and we learn that Esperanza has become a prisoner of war in Saudi Arabia. Caridad receives updates from Esperanza when her picture flashes every night.
This chapter also provides background on doña Felicia, who began life as a believer in only folk healing and practice but eventually unites it with the Catholic faith. Doña Felicia practices her healing through a difficult personal life, marrying and witnessing the deaths of two husbands, as well as the death of two of her eight children.
These initial chapters set up the theme of the patriarchy thwarting the trajectory of female lives. Esperanza, Caridad, and Fe are jilted by their respective lovers. Caridad and Fe spiral almost uncontrollably, thus demonstrating the significance of having a man in one’s life and the utter chaos that ensues without one. Though Esperanza perseveres with her education after being left by Rubén, she takes up with him once again and turns down a job opportunity in Houston to be with him. The pull of having a man is so greatthat she sacrifices professional advancement to spend time with a person who treats her with little respect.
The novel also establishes an allegorical and magical tone. These tendencies harken to the genre of magical realism, which depicts a mostly-real world setting that allows for magical or supernatural elements within it. This text allows for many miracles, such as the healing of Fe and Caridad. It also allows its characters a communion with the divine: La Loca, Caridad, and doña Felicia possess powers that allow them to see the future and heal those around them. Women are mystical beings, and even the names of the sisters—Hope, Charity, and Faith—bring to mind allegorical forces. The author does not advance allegory in the traditional sense and instead adds a heavy dose of irony. These girls are not the typical, pure, powerful faith healers. Rather, they are imperfect creatures often slavishly devoted and subservient to the men in their lives.
Furthermore, the text advances a theme of melding traditions. The characters speak mostly in English but pepper in Spanish terms. When Tom breaks up with Fe, his mother explains, “I got a son who’s got susto” (31). Here, susto refers to a syndrome recognized in Hispanic cultures that causes apathy and depression and is brought on by the soul leaving the body. This phrase operates on two levels. Linguistically,it suggests that some concepts can only be spoken in a certain language, giving power to the language of origin. It also suggests that folk concepts and current American concepts must live side by side; that is, spiritual apathy goes along with being jilted.So, too, does Roman Catholicismexist alongside traditional folklore and healing practices. Doña Felicia sees no problem with the two coexisting, and “came to see her God not only as Lord but as a guiding light […] And she as content to do His work and her bidding” (60).
By Ana Castillo