49 pages • 1 hour read
Suzanne WeynA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide contains descriptions of depression, suicide, gun violence, and substance misuse.
Kayla Reed meets with the school guidance counselor, Mr. Kerr, about her prospects for applying to an art school. Ever since her parents got bar code tattoos seven months ago, her father has fallen into a deep depression that prevents him from functioning or going to work. As a result of the family crisis, Kayla’s attendance in her computer classes has suffered. Because her transcripts show her lack of computer skills, Mr. Kerr does not believe that Kayla has a chance of being accepted or receiving scholarships from her chosen schools. He tells her that she might not even graduate high school despite her exceptional grades in every other subject. Kayla leaves the meeting feeling dejected and crosses paths with a fellow classmate named Mfumbe Taylor. He offers her gum to lift her spirits. Afterward, Kayla attempts to skip the remainder of the school day but is thwarted.
Kayla’s friend, Amber Thorn, consoles Kayla after hearing the bad news about Kayla’s art school prospects. Amber then reveals her brand-new bar code tattoo; today is her 17th birthday, and everyone who is 17 or older has been getting the tattoos. Amber also got a floral design tattooed on her arm, and she suggests that Kayla could someday become a body artist. Kayla finds the bar codes disturbing, but Amber loves their convenience; the bar codes connect each person to a digital file “that constantly change[s] as [their] life change[s]” (16). Kayla skips school and heads to the mall to buy Amber a birthday gift. By this point, everyone uses their bar codes to pay for items, but minors like her still use e-cards. When Kayla returns home, an ambulance and several neighbors are crowded outside her house. Kayla learns that her father, Joseph, has died by suicide. Her mother, Ashley, blames the bar code tattoo. The obituary lists depression as the reason for Joseph’s death, alleging that his mental health worsened when he was passed over for a promotion at his job.
Kayla is cleaning her father’s bloodstains out of the bathtub when she has a waking vision. It is too brief to understand, but it is just the latest of several visions that she has recently begun experiencing. Kayla’s mom enters the bathroom and begins violently scrubbing at her own bar code tattoo as if it will eventually wash away. She has done this every day since Joseph’s death. Kayla steps outside for fresh air and greets her next-door neighbor, Gene. He works for Global-1, an “international affiliation of corporations and individual billionaires” (26). He complains about the increasingly difficult work conditions, which include frequent cuts in vacation time, health benefits, and overtime pay. As a Global-1 employee, Gene is required to train to administer the bar code tattoo. He believes the bar codes to be evil because many people try to get them removed for mysterious reasons. Kayla’s mom later reveals that before Joseph’s death, he was investigating restricted files on the bar codes.
When Kayla returns to school, she finds gum from Mfumbe taped to her locker. Amber attempts to give Kayla a bar code tattoo application because Kayla’s 17th birthday is in three weeks, but when Kayla refuses, Amber protests, saying that she doesn’t want Kayla to be like Mfumbe and his friends—a group of bar code haters led by a new student named Zekeal.
When Kayla and Amber pass Mfumbe and his clique (Allyson, August, Nedra, and Zekeal), Mfumbe asks Kayla to sign his group’s “Decode” petition. They are working with Senator David Young to place restrictions on bar code usage to protect personal privacy. Amber argues with Mfumbe, who claims that people have been “losing more freedoms and rights ever since” the implementation of the bar code system (37). He argues that even if the innocent feel they have nothing to hide, they have the right to travel without having their every movement tracked. Amber stalks off angrily when Kayla agrees to sign the petition.
When Kayla arrives at her World Literature class, she ignores the assigned reading assignment and instead reads KnotU2, the physical magazine that Allyson handed to her in the hallway. The magazine critiques Global-1, which owns practically the entire world—including the global food supply. Global-1 is run by the country’s president, Loudon Waters, who cares more about increasing his wealth than about protecting citizens’ rights and freedoms. The article warns that Global-1 knows everything about everyone; the bar code tattoo is the final step in solidifying Global-1’s control. After class, Kayla joins Zekeal and Mfumbe in distributing the magazine, but the football players become violent with them for expressing their views. As a result, the school principal prohibits the group from distributing copies of their magazine, limiting their right to free speech.
Kayla’s mom has been stealing heavy-duty tranquilizers from work; as time goes on, she becomes increasingly distant. On Kayla’s birthday, Amber calls. She filed Kayla’s bar code application without asking Kayla’s permission. When Amber offers to drive Kayla to get her tattoo, she tells Kayla about her parents, who are having issues with their bar codes. Banks rejected their application for a mortgage after scanning their bar codes, and they were unable to buy the home they wanted. Amber is unconcerned with the ordeal and hurries Kayla to the post office so that she can get her tattoo. Once there, Kayla has another brief but confusing vision and gets an ominous feeling. She rips herself from Amber’s grip and flees just before four gunshots go off inside the building.
An e-article is released after the incident, stating that a post office employee named Gene Drake was gunned down by Global-1 security after he began destroying bar code tattooing equipment and threatening customers. A witness claims, “Drake began to scream, ‘I am an artist, not a cattle brander.’ He then turned to the people […] and told them they’d be better off dead than tattooed” (61). Global-1 now wants to question Gene’s two roommates about stolen computer passwords that he had in his possession.
Two weeks have passed since the shooting. Amber’s family moved into the Route Nine Motor Inn, and her parents’ fighting is worse. Kayla’s mom has lost her job and continues to drink alcohol and take tranquilizers. Kayla has been job searching since she and her mother have no family savings, but no one will hire her because she does not have a bar code tattoo. Eventually, Kayla finds a job working at Artie’s Art, the store where she gets her art supplies. She is offered a lower wage because she doesn’t have the bar code tattoo, but she notices that Artie doesn’t have one either.
Kayla receives a call from a sobbing Amber, whose dad just got fired from his job. Amber’s family is moving across the country to live with her cousin, Emily. Amber isn’t allowed to stay with Kayla because of all her family members, her bar code is the only one that is accepted; her parents’ e-cards have also stopped working. When Amber leaves with her family, Kayla is overwhelmed with loneliness. Wanting to be around people, Kayla ventures to the warehouse district, which is popular for its nightclubs. However, a man begins to follow her.
In these initial chapters, Weyn devises a wide range of creative technological and digital advancements, engaging in detailed world-building to solidify the novel’s status as an example of futuristic dystopian literature. From education and economic issues to near-future technology and spoken slang, Weyn integrates these advancements and their resulting butterfly effect into every aspect of Kayla’s society. The influence of technology is particularly apparent in the realm of education, for Kayla’s school offers mainly computer and technology-based courses, and even though she excels in most of her classes—especially art—she is faced with the stark reality that because she lacks the necessary grades in computer skills and data collecting, she might not graduate high school at all. In addition to appealing to a young-adult readership, Kayla’s college-related woes also highlight the skewed emphasis that her society places on technology even as it limits the creativity and individuality of its citizens.
To stress the idea that everyone in this near-future society is beholden to a digitized mindset, Weyn chooses to depict Kayla’s inner thoughts using technological imagery. This stylistic choice becomes clear when the guidance counselor tells Kayla that she cannot be accepted into an art school without computer skills, for rather than simply being disappointed, she “[feels] like a figure in a video game” (5). In this moment, her dreams of the future are being crushed, and it’s “game over.” Given that technological advancements dominate the landscape of the novel, this analogy implies that everyone sees themselves in highly digital terms. Even more significantly, the act of tattooing people with bar codes evokes the idea that people are merely products, just “like a box of cereal” (4). In a world where human beings are herded into strictly defined categories, Kayla instinctively realizes that she is just another player in this global video game.
As the dystopian aspects of Weyn’s worldbuilding emerge, The Dangers of Convenience Culture play a prominent role in Kayla’s life, for she lives in a world where eye scans are used for everything from opening doors to proving one’s identity, and ironically, the governmental authorities consider this measure to be insufficient, for eye scans—unlike bar codes—cannot “contain all [the] other information” about each individual (8).
In Kayla’s society, everyone values convenience so highly that they are willing to overlook the fact that their freedoms are rapidly eroding, and Weyn uses her world to implicitly critique the evidence of convenience culture in modern society as well. In the context of the novel, everyone over the age of 17 must purchase items with their bar code tattoos, and the practice is so widespread that when minors must pay with e-cards, cashiers get annoyed by the inconvenience. When Kayla expresses her lack of interest in getting the bar code tattoo, Amber protests by saying that physical licenses are no longer issued, and she reminds Kayla that everyone will be frustrated with how long it will take her to pay for things with an e-card. At this point, physical currency has been entirely replaced with digital methods of payment, and the impatience exemplified when these methods are used instead of the tattoo shows the negative impacts that convenience culture can have on empathy and patience.
In addition to critiquing the social aspects of convenience culture, Weyn also delves into the sensitive topic of mental health conditions and their sources, explicitly stating that the highly regimented aspects of societal control in Kayla’s world are causing or contributing to mental health conditions such as depression and issues such as suicide. This link is powerfully implied with the appearance of the bar code tattoo itself, for when Kayla sees “a girl in school who had an attempted suicide scar across her wrists,” the protagonist admits that “[t]he bar code tattoo reminded her of that scar. It was practically in the same spot” (51). This ominous moment emphasizes the fact that many people meet with various misfortunes and downturns in their mental health upon receiving the bar code tattoo; while the underlying reason for this downward spiral has not yet been revealed, the author nonetheless foreshadows the fact that the tattoo’s dangers far outweigh the conveniences for which it is lauded.
While most people in Kayla’s world have been inured to the presence and implications of the bar code tattoos, Kayla herself has the mental fortitude to recognize the bleak and insensitive nature of her society, and her astute criticism highlights The Desensitizing Influence of Technology on those around her. By contrast, Mr. Kerr is positioned as an avid Global-1 and bar code tattoo supporter, and his willingness to accept these new technological developments is coupled with a disconnect from genuine emotions, as is proven by his faux-empathetic response to Kayla’s distress upon learning of her poor college prospects. Kayla repeatedly hints at the ill effects of her society’s technological advancements when she mentions her loneliness and misery. Having lost key figures in her life due to the destructive societal effects of the bar code tattoos, Kayla sobs “for the loss of her father, and now for Gene” (62), and each fresh loss adds more to the mystery, implying that there is an as-yet-unseen but unifying principle lurking beneath these tragedies. Similarly, Kayla loses her best friend, Amber, to the effects of the bar code tattoo because—as Kayla will later discover—her society actively marginalizes those whose personal files and genetic markers reflect qualities that are perceived to be undesirable.