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55 pages 1 hour read

Chaim Potok

The Chosen

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1967

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Book 2, Chapters 8-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 2, Chapter 8 Summary

Returning to school for the first time since the baseball game, the boys treat Reuven like a hero, and Davey Cantor calls Danny “snooty.” Done with school, Reuven meets Danny at the majestic three-story public library. Over the entrance is a quote about truth and beauty from the English Romantic poet John Keats. There’s a mural of Moses, Jesus, Mohammed, the 17th-century scientist Galileo, Einstein, and others. There’s also a mural of Homer, Dante, William Shakespeare, and other literary figures.

Reuven finds Danny on the third floor, where it’s not crowded. As Reuven can’t read due to the surgery, he watches Danny read. Not wanting to bother Danny, Reuven sits at a table a few feet away, closes his eyes, and reviews math problems in his head.

Danny spots Reuven and makes fun of him for sleeping before reading him a passage from History of the Jews (1853-75)—the multivolume history of the Jewish people published by the 19th-century Jewish Polish historian Heinrich Graetz. Danny learns about Dov Baer. Graetz claims Baer created the idea of the tzaddik and presents him as corrupt. He made followers give him gifts, told crass jokes, and had spies. Yet Danny’s dad describes Baer as a “saint.”

Danny then pivots to psychology, and he tells Reuven about Freud’s views on the unconscious and dreams. To read Freud’s work in the original German, Danny teaches himself German.

Reuven talks to his dad about Danny’s reading, and Mr. Malter says Graetz is “biased” and exaggerates the problems with Hasids. Reuven tells Danny about Graetz’s prejudices, but Danny has read a book on Hasidism by a different author that presents the tzaddik as appalling.

Reuven’s dad wonders how “ethical” it is for him to suggest books for Danny. How would he like it if someone recommended books to Reuven that he didn’t want Reuven to read? Malter concludes that Danny would read regardless, and at least Malter can provide “balance.”

Reuven and Danny study Pirkei Avot (a collection of maxims and lessons on ethics) with Reb Saunders in his big study packed with books. Smiling, Reb Saunders says Reuven knows about math, but he wants to see how much Reuven knows about “more important” matters. Danny’s dad reads from Pirkei Avot, stopping to let Reuven and Danny discuss passages. Soon, Danny and his dad debate tractates (sections) from the Talmud. Reuven thinks of it as a “battle,” and he notices Reb Saunders is pleased when Danny wins. Reuven realizes he knows as much as them and joins the “combat.”

Danny’s dad tells his son to bring them tea, leaving him alone with Reuven. Reb Saunders can’t speak to his son (he’ll tell Reuven why one day), but he knows Danny goes to the library, and since Danny is his brilliant “precious possession,” he wants Reuven to tell him what Danny reads.

Danny walks home with Reuven part of the way, and Reuven tells Danny that his dad knows he reads at the library. Danny wishes his dad spoke to him directly, but they only talk about the Talmud. When Danny was 10 or 11, he tried to tell his dad about something that was bothering him, and his dad told him to be quiet and examine his soul. At home, Reuven relays what happened with Danny’s dad, and Malter says Reb Saunders has spoken to Danny—he communicated to Danny through Reuven.

Book 2, Chapter 9 Summary

Reuven can read and write again in time for final exams, and he’s confident he did well on them. After school, he goes home and calls Billy, and Billy’s dad answers and says Billy’s surgery didn’t work. Reuven wants to visit, but Billy’s family is moving to Albany. Upset, Reuven hears Savo saying how the world is “crazy” and watches a spider trap a housefly in its web before he blows the spiderweb away.

Book 2, Chapter 10 Summary

During the summer, Reuven plays baseball three mornings a week and studies the Talmud with his dad three mornings a week. Danny spends all his mornings studying the Talmud but hangs out with Reuven at the library in the afternoons. Reuven studies math, and Danny reads Freud in German—a frustrating endeavor due to Freud’s complex ideas and vocabulary.

Reuven’s dad works tirelessly on articles about the Talmud, and father and son follow the war closely. During a Talmud battle with his dad, Danny breathes loudly, jumps out of his chair, and smiles. Danny realizes reading books about Freud will help him understand Freud—like how reading the Talmud can help a person comprehend the Torah and Jewish beliefs.

Reuven and his dad spend August in a cottage near Peekskill (a city in New York State). Before he goes, he gives Danny two books on contemporary Judaism. They displease Reb Saunders, though he’s less annoyed when he discovers Reuven recommended them.

Book 2, Chapter 11 Summary

School starts, and Reuven is president of his class, so he’s busy, and he and Danny spend less time together. In December 1944, the Battle of the Bulge starts. The Nazis push back some U.S. troops in the Ardennes Forest, and on a map, the troop positions look like a bulge. By early 1945, the Allies are in control, and Reuven and his dad are ecstatic, and so is Danny, though Danny doesn’t follow the war too closely. Trembling with tears in his eyes, Danny’s dad declares an end to Hitler.

In the spring, Danny gets the flu and bronchitis, and Davey Cantor runs into a student council meeting to announce the death of President Roosevelt. On the trolley and sidewalks, people don’t talk, but they cry. At synagogue, people are also in pain. Reuven’s dad tries to tell him about the Great Depression and Roosevelt’s policies to counter the economic catastrophe, but then he starts crying. Reuven sees fear and emptiness, and he compares Roosevelt’s death to Billy’s blindness. He cries, too.

Reuven gets sick, his dad gets sick, and Reb Saunders gets sick, but in May, the war ends, and Reuven’s dad, recovering, reads an account of Theresienstadt—a transit camp, concentration camp, and ghetto. The number of murdered Jews climbs to six million, and Reuven can’t fathom how the number could be so high. At Danny’s house, Reb Saunders says the world kills Jews and makes them suffer—it’s God's will.

Reuven discusses Reb Saunders’s reaction to the Holocaust with his dad. Reuven doesn’t think it was God’s will, and neither does Malter. Reuven’s dad wants to give the genocide meaning, and it’s up to American Jews, the one Jewish community remaining, to do so.

Two days before final exams, Reuven’s dad has a heart attack. Reb Saunders doesn’t think Reuven should live alone with Manya, so he invites Reuven to live with his family until his dad is better.

Book 2, Chapter 12 Summary

At Danny’s house, Reuven notices how pretty his sister is, and she makes fun of them by calling them David and Jonathan—a reference to 1 Samuel 18, where David and Jonathan put aside their supposed differences and become close friends. Reuven also notices Danny’s ghostly younger brother, Levi, picking his nose and poking at food.

At the library, Danny explains Freud to Reuven. Freud doesn’t have a rosy view of people. Danny thinks Freud uncouples humans from God and connects them to Satan.

Reuven and Danny visit Malter in the hospital, where Reuven’s dad reads everything he can about the Holocaust. Malter mentions December 17, 1942, when England’s foreign secretary Anthony Eden outlined for the House of Commons how the Nazis were systematically murdering Jews, but England did nothing. Screaming, Malter says Jews can’t wait for the Messiah. They must turn Palestine into a Jewish homeland.

Reb Saunders disagrees. He refers to Israel as Eretz Yisroel (the traditional name) and calls Jews who want to create a pre-Messiah Holy Land “goyim” (non-Jews) and “apikorsim.” The death of six million Jews doesn’t mean that Jews should dismiss the Messiah and the word of God.

At the library, Danny talks about Levi with Reuven. He needs glasses, and he’s sick, but he’s a solid kid, and he’d make a good tzaddik. He can be the tzaddik instead of Danny. Danny admits that he’s not close with his younger brother and only cares about his health so Levi can grow up and become the tzaddik.

Reuven steers the conversation to Danny’s sister. Danny says his dad “promised” her to a follower’s son. When she turns 18, she’ll marry him.

Book 2, Chapters 8-12 Analysis

The public library links to Judaism and the Quest for Knowledge, and it symbolizes inclusive knowledge. The murals include diverse figures from different religions, science, and literature. A person can go to the library and learn about anything. Danny learns about Dov Baer and Freud. He also learns German so he can read Freud in the original language. The reader learns that even a brilliant person like Danny can’t effortlessly study everything. Freud in German brings hardship—as Reuven explains, “Not only was the language still a problem but also the terminology and ideas he encountered were strange and bewildering to him” (241). To grasp Freud, Danny applies the methods he uses for his Jewish studies. Reuven states, “Freud had to be studied, not read. He had to be studied like a page of Talmud. And he had to be studied with a commentary” (245). One type of knowledge can help someone obtain a different kind of knowledge.

With Dov Baer, Potok continues to send mixed signals about Reb Saunders. Graetz describes the tzaddik as venal and abusive. Danny says, “When my father talks about Dov Baer, he almost makes him out to be a saint” (210). Though Reuven’s dad suggested the book to Danny, Malter says Graetz is “biased,” and there’s “enough to dislike about Hasidism without exaggerating its faults” (217). Reb Saunders remains an enigma. It’s unclear whether or not he’s similar to Dov Baer or if Baer is even that bad.

Danny’s hunger for knowledge and Malter’s feeding of that hunger by suggesting books for Danny adds to The Intricacies of Friendship. Reuven encourages Danny to discuss the Graetz book with Malter so he can maintain balance in his views of Hasidism. Reuven further discusses the issue with his father, indicating that he is concerned about how his friend will process the indictment of his form of Judaism. Reuven’s concern then raises questions in Malter about whether he is being unfair to Reb Saunders by suggesting books for Reuven. These worries point to their genuine desire not to damage Reuven and Danny’s burgeoning friendship. 

The death of Roosevelt and the explicit inclusion of the Holocaust advance the motif of the personal and political. Roosevelt’s death enters Reuven’s space. He takes the trolley and notes, “No one in the trolley was talking” (254). Instead of words, the people communicate through tears or body language, so the motif supports Silence and Communication.

The Holocaust enters Malter’s hospital room as he accumulates knowledge about the genocide. Reuven says, “He was reading everything he could find that told of the destruction of European Jewry. He talked of nothing else but European Jewry and the responsibility American Jews now carried” (265). Thus, the motif supports Judaism and the Quest for Knowledge. It also buttresses the ups and downs of father-son relationships. The Holocaust links to Israel, and the politics surrounding the creation of Israel strain the fathers and their sons.

Zionism is a symbol of the material world, and Potok juxtaposes Malter’s and Reb Saunders’s reactions to illustrate the symbolism. Both dads react hyperbolically (dramatically). Reuven’s dad screams, “We cannot wait for God! We must make our own Messiah! We must rebuild American Jewry" (257). Reb Saunders shouts, “Who are these people? Who are these people? Apikorsim! Goyim!” (268). Malter engages with the material world (the physical existence of Israel), while Reb Saunders stays in the spiritual world, denouncing the tangible politics of the Holocaust and Zionism.

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