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60 pages 2 hours read

Charles Graeber

The Good Nurse: A True Story of Medicine, Madness, and Murder

Nonfiction | Biography | Adult | Published in 2013

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Background

Ideological Context: Privatized Health Care

In the US, the setting for the biography A Good Nurse, there are two different types of healthcare: private and public. Public healthcare is provided by the government through a national healthcare system, such as Medicaid and the Veterans Administration, whereas private healthcare is provided through companies or organizations. These are sometimes “for profit,” meaning that they intend to make money off the services they provide, while others are “not for profit,” like faith-based organizations. Insurance companies and institutions can fall into the category of either public or private healthcare.

A long-standing argument in favor of a privatized healthcare system is the “free market” ideology, which is a broader capitalistic ideation stating that competitive institutions allow for better access, lower costs, and higher quality of health care. However, many critics have noted that privatized healthcare systems result in increased costs (such as insurance premiums), more bureaucracy (as people struggle to advocate for the services they need), and less efficiency. Studies conducted on for-profit nursing homes have found that the quality of care is significantly worse than not-for-profit alternatives, and emergency medical systems that are privatized highlight decreased quality of care and slower response times (“The Case Against Privatization of U.S. Healthcare,” Physicians for a National Health Program. 2018.).

Charles “Charlie” Cullen’s ability to commit so many crimes is grounded in privatized healthcare. Repeatedly, hospitals prioritize their reputations and put minimal effort into investigations. They let Charlie go because they suspect that he’s guilty of a crime, not because they’ve confirmed that information or presented it to the police. Because they don’t seek proof, Charlie can even attain neutral recommendations from his past hospitals. This means that they confirm his employment; some even go so far as to praise him. The lack of nursing practitioners in his geographic area means that he can easily get job after job, driven in part by the need generated from the private sector.

Historical Context: “Angel of Death” Nurses

Charlie is what is sometimes referred to as an “angel of death” serial killer. This term is applied to those in healthcare who intentionally kill a person, or people, for whom they’re responsible. This term encompasses doctors, nurses, and caregivers who all turn to murder. Typically, those who are discovered as having killed many people were able to do so because of their access to life-ending drugs and respected reputations.

Experts in psychology and related fields highlight different types of healthcare killers. Some, known as “angels of mercy,” murder patients that they perceive to be needing death. Terminally-ill patients or extremely-ill patients fall into this category because the murderer thinks that their quality of life is low enough that they’d be better off dead. Another category is that of the “malignant hero,” which is a healthcare professional who brings a patient to the brink of death so that they can receive credit for saving the patient. Because they’re the cause of a patient’s harm, they’re the first to respond and know the best treatment to alleviate the distress. The final category is sadistic killers, who kill patients for the thrill (Mitrokostas, Sophia. “Ex-nurse Niels Högel was convicted of killing 85 people. Here's why experts say 'angels of death' do it,” Insider, 7 June 2019.).

Charlie is an angel of death who falls into the latter two categories. Early on, the biography notes that he feels a rush of adrenaline when responding to emergency calls, and he often appreciates praise when people commend him for his hard work. However, his repeated, random killing style is sadistic, showing that he has no interest in helping the people under his care. In addition, Charlie’s killings are a critique of the system in which he functions. He rages against the hospitals he works for, twisting his own skewed version of victimhood alongside logical and understandable critiques of how these for-profit institutions function. The result is his manipulation of facts to suit his own ends.

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