63 pages • 2 hours read
Matt HaigA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Andrew stands over Gulliver while he sleeps. Andrew contemplates the vastness of the starry night sky and how lonely humans must feel. Andrew uses his mind control abilities to pull Gulliver out of bed. He instructs Gulliver to walk to the open door, and Gulliver follows all his instructions. Andrew closes his eyes for a moment, contemplating his next and final move with Gulliver, when he feels hands around his throat. Gulliver pulls him to the ground and starts punching him. Andrew forces him awake, and Gulliver is confused. Isobel enters and sees that Andrew is bleeding. Andrew assures them all that Gulliver didn’t know what he was doing.
Isobel and Andrew return to bed and discuss Gulliver. Isobel is concerned about him and says that she doesn’t know him anymore. Andrew asks her existential questions about what it means to truly know someone or to know yourself. Feeling vulnerable, Andrew is grateful to have Isobel’s company in the bed with him. They turn off the lights, and Isobel goes to sleep. Andrew ponders the human fear of the dark; he realizes that humans need one another to get through the dark night.
Andrew communicates with his home planet to ask for more time to gather information on the humans. When his leaders remind him that humans are primitive and therefore he doesn’t need more time to get to know them, Andrew tells them “You are wrong. They exist simultaneously in two worlds—the world of appearances and the world of truth” (209). Andrew proposes that humans live in a conscious state and a subconscious one, such as when Gulliver attacked him in his sleep. Andrew believes that they can better understand how to deal with humans in the future if they can develop a better working knowledge of how humans live. He assures them that Gulliver’s mind has been erased—he won’t remember anything about the Riemann hypothesis.
The next morning, Isobel speaks with Gulliver about the night before. She tells him he must have had sleep psychosis but that doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with him. She’s puzzled to see that Andrew’s face has completely healed from the attack. She encourages Gulliver to take the day off from school, but he insists he’s okay. Later, Andrew finds a manuscript of a novel Isobel has written and hidden away. In the pages, the narrator depicts an unhappy housewife craving a more fulfilling life. He doesn’t read the whole manuscript, feeling it’s an intrusion. He tells Isobel he found the book and wants to get to know her better. Isobel is confused and perhaps angry at this newfound interest in her. The phone rings, interrupting their conversation. On the other line is Ari, supposedly Andrew’s best friend. He asks Andrew to go out with him and talk about the “secret” Andrew told him about a week before. Andrew agrees to meet with Ari, worried that he will have to eliminate another human life.
Human life is becoming more and more comfortable for Andrew. He no longer finds his own reflection in the mirror repulsive, and he is starting to see how beautiful Isobel is.
Andrew’s home planet communicates with him again. They remind him that his mission was never meant to take this long, and though they acknowledge that it can be easy to adapt to a different planet, their expectations for Andrew haven’t changed.
Andrew reflects that humans avoid the question of their mortality through hobbies and other such distractions. He discovers that for the human Andrew, football is a distraction. Though his team, Cambridge United, doesn’t win a lot of matches, Andrew believes that the sense of loss is good for humans. He realizes: “The truth is, you see, however much they would beg to disagree, humans don’t actually like to win. Or rather, they like winning for ten seconds, but if they keep on winning, they end up actually having to think about other things, like life and death” (229).
He meets up with Ari to watch Cambridge United play. Ari asks him how he’s doing, and he’s taken aback when Andrew quotes Emily Dickinson when talking about Isobel. Though Andrew is concerned that Ari knows about the Riemann hypothesis, the secret Ari wants to talk about is Andrew’s affair with a student. As they leave the stadium, a man tries to pick a fight with Ari and Andrew. Andrew subdues him with his supernatural abilities, surprising Ari. When it starts to rain, Andrew runs away—he has learned how to adapt to many aspects of life on Earth, but he still fears rain.
At Daniel Russell’s funeral, people cry, and Isobel comforts Tabitha. Andrew finds Tabitha older, even though it’s only been a week since he last saw her. Isobel offers to help Tabitha, and later she holds to the promise and does Tabitha’s grocery shopping with her. When she comes back from shopping, Isobel remarks to Andrew that he’s starting to look more like himself again.
Andrew returns to work. In his office, he finds a small book titled The Zeta Function, which details the human Andrew’s attempts at discovering the Riemann hypothesis. Though humans have made many technological strides, it is notable to Andrew that they haven’t been able to discover the secrets of living forever. Of course, once human Andrew did figure it out, he was killed. As Andrew contemplates the futility of human endeavors in mathematics, the phone rings. It’s Isobel, reminding him that he’s late for his lecture. A voice from Andrew’s home planet warns him that they are listening, and to be careful.
Andrew arrives late to his lecture, where 102 students watch him silently until one finally makes a loud joke about Andrew being clothed. The students laugh, and Andrew makes jokes about himself as well. He realizes that the laughter makes him feel warm. He finds that he enjoys talking mathematics with the students. They are easy to amuse, which he does by challenging the notion that if there were aliens, humans would know because they would have made contact. Andrew jokes that aliens wouldn’t want anything to do with Earth. After class, a young woman with attractive features who did not participate in the jokes against Andrew approaches him. He notes that she doesn’t keep the usual distance between human bodies. Her name is Maggie, and she alludes to a conversation they had had earlier. She tells him it’s not the kind of conversation they can have in a lecture hall, then she walks away. Andrew is confused by the interaction and decides that he doesn’t like Maggie.
Andrew meets with Ari later for a snack. He tells Ari about the conversation he had with his students about aliens. Ari’s opinion on extraterrestrial life is that aliens definitely do exist, but they wouldn’t want to come to Earth. He goes on to analyze that humans think they want to find out about other life in the universe, but they don’t really because then they would have to admit that they’re not the center of the universe. As they talk, Andrew notices flashes of violet in the corners of his eyes. Just as he is about to tell Ari that he is an alien living among humans, the violet color takes over and excruciating pain cripples him. He fights through it before Ari can call an ambulance. When he comes to, he changes the subject.
Later that day, Gulliver comes home with a black eye. He doesn’t answer questions about what happened. Andrew says that they must let Gulliver make his own mistakes, but Isobel is upset by this response, shocked that Andrew could speak so casually about people inflicting pain on other people, especially on their son. Andrew realizes that he does in fact care for Gulliver. He believes this realization has come from the violet attack—that the possibility of pain is where love grows out of. He senses that this is a very bad realization for him.
Andrew looks for Gulliver. He sees that he’s hanging off the gutters in the rain. Andrew fights through his own fear of the rain and follows him out. When Gulliver sees him, he tells him to go away. As Andrew slowly approaches him, he realizes that Gulliver is trying to die by suicide. Though this would solve a major problem for Andrew, he doesn’t want Gulliver to die and tries to convince Gulliver not to jump. Gulliver tells him the last time he was happy was when he was a child learning how to swim with Andrew in France. He tells him it’s not easy to be his son, and Andrew then notices that Gulliver is high on diazepam. Gulliver starts to tilt over the roof, the diazepam setting in and putting him to sleep. When Gulliver falls off the roof, Andrew grabs his body and falls with him. Andrew breaks his legs upon impact and tries to reconstruct his bones through his pain. Gulliver lies on the ground, blood leaking from his ear. Andrew must heal himself before he can heal Gulliver, but by the time he is able to start with Gulliver, Gulliver appears dead. Andrew remembers the message of hope in Isobel’s book and attempts to revive Gulliver.
Reviving Gulliver is a difficult and painful process. As Andrew continues to hope for his recovery, he imagines Emily Dickinson poetry. Finally, he feels Gulliver’s heartbeat returning. The color violet clouds his head again, but Andrew fights through the pain to save Gulliver. Andrew hears footsteps behind him as he begins to collapse to the ground, while Gulliver slowly wakes up.
As Andrew becomes more immersed in the human world, he becomes more comfortable within his human skin. He swiftly learns how to appreciate humans, and even how to love them. These feelings, however, emotions that Andrew finally acknowledges and accepts, are made more complex because he is not truly only human; he is stuck between two worlds of two opposing mindsets. His two identities, rational extraterrestrial and emotional human, are diametrically opposed to one another, at least as far as Andrew can understand these identities thus far. Haig returns to the original question of what exactly makes a human. For Andrew, it takes almost no time at all to go from disgust to love and appreciation for the humans. How is this possible? Can human beings really be all that lovable? Does Andrew have access to some sort of biological coding that the human body retains to appreciate life around them? Or is it that once one experiences life in the body of a human, they come to appreciate the way other humans live through the world? After all, it becomes evident to Andrew that human society is a difficult one to manage well. People are embarrassed by bodies, constantly in competition for money and ego, filled with shame and self-loathing, desperately trying to avoid their own pain and the pain of their loved ones. Andrew’s experience is one of empathy. Haig argues that Andrew could not have appreciated the value of human life from his home planet because only by walking in someone else’s shoes can you truly understand their struggles, resilience, and potential. If you don’t know what pain feels like, Haig suggests, then you can’t appreciate the vulnerability that leads to love between people.
Andrew’s identity crisis brings up many more questions about his home planet. The reader sees that the voices from his home planet are becoming more frustrated with Andrew. He has yet to complete his mission, and it seems that he will not be able to go through with eliminating Gulliver and Isobel at all. Because the reader doesn’t know much about the voices speaking to Andrew, Haig invites the reader to think about Andrew’s newly strained relationship with his home planet, questioning whether Andrew will love the humans so much that he wants to stay or whether he will be able to go home and re-adapt to his old life. These implicit questions foreshadow conflict between Andrew and his home planet. Surely, Haig implies, another alien will have to come down to Earth to replace Andrew, since it is becoming very clear to everyone (including Andrew), that he will not be able to accomplish his mission. Will that replacement also fall in love with the humans?
The tone of the hosts changes throughout these chapters. At the beginning, they are gentle and supportive and express concern for Andrew; now, they’re aggressive. When they attack Andrew’s senses, the reader sees how violent the species from Andrew’s home planet can be. They can cause superb physical harm from outer space, and they use this pain as a way of trying to get Andrew back in line. Of course, they attack him when they sense he is about to reveal his identity to Ari, as this cannot happen, but their response does bring into question the supposedly peaceful nature of Andrew’s home planet. Furthermore, why doesn’t the home planet force Andrew to return? These questions hit at a larger moral question in this novel: What is the purpose of interfering with another species? Though Andrew’s home planet is not on an expedition of colonization, they are impeding human’s progress because they do not trust that humans are ready for the next level of civilization—but how exactly do they know that if they don’t really know the humans from the inside?
Haig also explores the conscious versus subconscious in these chapters, a characterization unique to human beings. Explaining the conscious versus the subconscious would be nearly impossible if the listener had never been in both spaces. Therefore, Andrew’s home planet may be missing out on the element of human life that will save them in the end: their ability both to be fully conscious and to lose themselves in the depths of their minds and souls. This new layer of human existence helps Andrew to understand more complicated people, like Gulliver. He realizes that there is an untapped side to human beings that is hidden even to their own selves. If these sides can be tapped into, explored, and (to use his own word) “recovered,” what feats may be possible? Andrew sees the subconscious in Gulliver’s sleep attack, but he also experiences it himself. This really starts when he has his first nightmare after the murder of Daniel Russell and experiences the sublimity in music. This character development continues when Andrew reads Isobel’s novel, through which Andrew finds out that literature can be meaningful in expressing oneself and in understanding others. Thus, Andrew discovers that literature can do what mere conversations cannot. This interplay between the conscious and subconscious is important to the human psyche, but it is not until Andrew fully immerses himself in those subconscious spaces that he understands how deep and layered the human psyche truly is.
As Andrew discovers more about human life, the reader discovers more about the human Andrew’s past. It seems that human Andrew was not a good person at all. He had an affair with a student, he was distanced from his struggling son, he didn’t act as a partner to his wife, he didn’t have real friends, and he was selfish even by regular human standards. Extraterrestrial Andrew cannot understand human Andrew’s inability to appreciate his wife or reach out to his son. This discrepancy foreshadows conflict for Isobel later in the book, as surely the affair will be revealed, and extraterrestrial Andrew will have to reckon with the pain that human Andrew created. Haig also uses this uncovering of human Andrew’s real life to highlight the fears of Andrew’s home planet. Their judgment that human beings cannot be trusted with the discovery of the Riemann hypothesis is quite true considering how Andrew acted. He was egotistical, too driven by his selfish desires, and not the type of man who would consider the well-being of human society. If men like Andrew are the brilliant discoverers of the new level of civilization, then perhaps the aliens are right and we will never be ready for such knowledge.
By Matt Haig