63 pages • 2 hours read
Matt HaigA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
A narrator writes about their experience on planet Earth. They record that humans are self-conscious, appear weak, and are constantly in pursuit of a happiness they cannot define. The narrator acknowledges that the readers of the report may find humans easy to judge, but the narrator also encourages the reader to consider the possibilities of human life and the meaning of humans in the universe.
The narrator introduces the details of his disguise on Earth: Professor Andrew Martin, a mathematician who works at Cambridge University. The real Professor Andrew Martin had been on the cusp of discovering the reality of the narrator’s existence, so he was taken by hosts and replaced by the narrator. The mission was to destroy any evidence of life in outer space. The narrator (the new Professor Andrew Martin) expresses a wish to have known the real Andrew Martin more so that he could have understood Earth more. The new Andrew Martin wants to record his story and decides to start with the moment he was hit by a car.
When the creature from outer space first lands on Earth, he finds himself standing alone on a road. He notices the weather and the night. He is there to find a computer but doesn’t see it anywhere. He tries inhaling to keep his body going. He knows he should be in an office and is worried he’ll have to travel far to get there. He is distracted by the oddity of his human form when blinding lights appear in front of him. He is thrown back onto the road, and another human face looks down on him. He is repulsed by this face, then tries to concentrate on what the man is asking him. He requires 100 words before he can understand a language. This narrator is of the most advanced species in the universe and reveals that he was forced to take the mission on Earth because no one else wanted to.
He slips out of consciousness and reawakens in an ambulance. Two humans are trying to treat him, but he needs to find the computer for his mission. The narrator pushes off the first responders, removes the equipment on his body, and jumps out of the truck. Now surrounded by cars, he is worried it will rain. On his planet, cars drive themselves in the air, and the weather is “non-weather.” The cars honk at him and people seem offended by him. He finds a sign that points him in a direction, so he follows the road even though he’s not quite sure where he’s going. When he spots a building, he decides to go inside and explore.
The building he enters is actually a gas station: Texaco. People filling their cars with gas stare at him. The bewildered gas station attendant presses a button beneath the counter. The narrator suddenly feels thirsty and helps himself to a Diet Coke from the fridge. Then, he notices wrapped food. He tries to eat a Mars bar and some Barbeque Pringles. Though he likes the taste okay, he finds it difficult to understand his gag reflex. The attendant tells him he needs to pay for what he consumes.
The narrator moves his attention to the stacks of magazines. He uses a copy of Cosmopolitan to learn the English language. He realizes that magazines are used to sell things and that much of the magazine is invested in the idea of orgasms. The narrator starts to remember details of his new identity, such as his name and job. He realizes he must be in Britain when he finds a map of the British Isles. He tries to leave, but the station attendant tells him the doors are locked and the police are coming. Andrew opens the door anyway, and at the sound of sirens, he starts running away from the road with the map in hand. He hides from the police, then uses the map to head to Cambridge. As he walks, he recalls other details of his new identity. Andrew Martin is married and has a son.
Andrew arrives in Cambridge and is surprised to see that all the buildings on Earth are attached to the ground. He doesn’t find the structures particularly interesting or beautiful. He is impressed by the number of stores he sees. The bookstores especially fascinate him. On his home planet, reading is a rapid consumption of information, but humans need much more time to read a book and learn something. The shopgirls giggle at Andrew’s body; confused, he tries to ignore them and peruse the books. He finds two books on mathematics by Andrew Martin, and because he doesn’t have money, he steals them and runs out of the store. On the street, he slows down to a walk and begins to read the books. He is looking for evidence of the Riemann hypothesis, but he doesn’t find any.
Andrew notices that people in the street are still staring at him. He comes across a man who seems like he’s in pain, a reminder to Andrew that on Earth, people suffer and die. Suddenly too aware of the stares and laughter from other people on the street, Andrew turns into the first building he sees: the College of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary. The police are close behind him; by now, Andrew has figured out that flashing blue lights signal trouble. Andrew is confused by how the police are looking at him as though he is an alien, even though he looks like them. He identifies himself as Professor Andrew Martin and is led away to the police car.
At the police station, Andrew is given clothes to wear. He learns about underwear, shirts, and pants. When he discovers that the law he broke was not wearing clothes in public, he is shocked. He is unsure why humans are so offended by nudity, nor is he certain why being locked in a room is punishment.
Two men enter the room. Anxiety, an unfamiliar emotion, puts Andrew on edge. The two men want to know why he committed what they refer to as a “public order offense.” Andrew tells them who he is, that he is married to Isobel Martin, and that he has a son named Gulliver. He tells them that he doesn’t like to wear clothes, saying that clothes chafe and possibly interfere with his ability to have an orgasm. Even though Andrew is confident in this answer based on the amount he read about the importance of the orgasm in Cosmopolitan, the detectives set him up with a psychiatric evaluation.
The hospital staff assure Andrew that everyone is concerned about his well-being and that the university confirmed that he has been working long hours. Even though Andrew knows he has a wife, Isobel, he is confused by the concept of marriage. He finds love to be a weak emotion if it needs a marriage to uphold it, especially because it can be undone by divorce. Andrew figures out that every question he is asked in the hospital is a test—that humans seem to love tests. He theorizes that humans are interested in tests because they make them feel like they have a better semblance of control or logic than other people. Andrew laughs at the idea of free will, a concept that he knows humans care deeply about.
He ends up in a mental hospital, medicated with diazepam and locked in yet another room. Even though he knows he could escape, he decides to stay put and go along with it all so he can learn more.
Andrew theorizes that humans don’t like people they deem “mad” unless they are prolific creative types. He concludes that the only way to appear sane on Earth is to follow all standards of society without drawing attention to oneself.
Andrew’s wife, Isobel, a historian, comes to visit him in the hospital. Even though he is as repulsed by her as he is the other human beings, he admires her poise and tries to be open to liking her, since she is technically his wife. He can tell that Isobel is afraid. She asks him for an explanation, telling him that she woke up and he was gone, even though his car and all his belongings were still at home. Isobel expresses her concern that he’s been working too hard and putting himself under too much pressure. She holds his hand, a touch that Andrew finds strange and uncomforting even though he can understand her intention.
Andrew is sent to the dining hall for food. He doesn’t like being around so many humans at the same time, and the smell of their food disgusts him. He is especially turned off by the dead cow, advertised as beef for eating. Though he doesn’t have any sympathy for a dead cow, he doesn’t want to eat one either. He sticks to vegetables and observes the room around him. Soon, a girl with pink hair named Zoë approaches him.
The first few chapters of Matt Haig’s The Humans bring up subtle observations about human life. The narrator is the fictional author of this book, which is presented as a memoir. The narrator, nameless save for his human-disguise name, Andrew, is an astute observer and a direct writer. The rapid-short chapters allow the narrator to zoom in on surprising aspects of human beings, thus compartmentalizing the vastly different world he is now a part of. This narrative structure also brings the reader along on a journey that increases in urgency and tension. This process is not without its ironies; Haig writes a book of fiction that is structured as a scientific report written by a creature that comes from a society in which reading is almost unnecessary because his species is so hyperactively intelligent. When Andrew comes across a bookshop, he is amused by the books but understands that humans read slowly. He uses a mocking tone when writing about the reading experience, heightening the irony for Haig’s reader. This particular narrator is especially interesting because he states that he wasn’t required to write such an extensive analysis of humankind; his mission was simply to erase the truth of his existence. Why, then, is this narrator telling this story?
The primary question Haig explores through Andrew is: What exactly is an alien? Haig makes the point that being alien (or different, foreign, unfamiliar, extra-normal, abnormal) is nothing more than a perception. To Andrew, the human beings are the aliens. To the human beings, however, Andrew’s species would be the aliens. Andrew notices that even within their one species, human beings tend to treat one another as Othered, such as when Andrew is institutionalized, and he notices the way people treat those they deem mentally ill. Andrew’s experiences with the police, detectives, doctors, and even his wife in the context of his psychiatric evaluation are a criticism on the way humans fear those who do not live by society’s accepted standards. To Andrew, there is nothing shocking about nudity; after all, don’t humans know what they look like? And yet, to walk around naked is a crime worthy of separating a person from their family, work, and society. Andrew’s experience highlights the absurdity of humans’ standards of what is normal behavior.
Another curiosity of human beings, through the eyes of the extraterrestrial narrator, is the concept of empathy. Andrew experiences empathy, a sensation that is confusing to him because it comes so naturally. Haig uses this moment to highlight one of humanity’s best assets: our ability to connect with other humans and relate to their pain. The question on empathy, however, concerns its origin. Andrew isn’t sure if the feeling is inherent or if the human Andrew was taught empathy so thoroughly that it is ingrained in him. Through this questioning, Haig encourages readers to pause and think about their own experiences relating to other people.
Haig also explores the connection between capitalism, beauty, and sex. It is notable that the first thing Andrew learns about human society is their simultaneous obsession and fear of sex and bodies. The first text Andrew reads upon his arrival is an issue of Cosmopolitan, a magazine that features beauty and sex tips. Andrew reads this and rightfully assumes that the multitude of articles about the importance of the orgasm should signify that human beings enjoy sex, want sex, and think about sex as a primary concern. However, the catalyst for Andrew’s arrest and subsequent hospitalization is his public nudity, a state he didn’t know would be so reprehensible, especially in a society that is fixated on the naked human body. Andrew quickly learns the paradox surrounding sex in human society: Humans are concerned about sexual performance but conservative about the human body. Haig emphasizes that this paradox comes from the marketing wheels motivated by capitalism. Societies want to sell concepts and ideas, and the best way to do that is through creating anxieties around bodies and selling standards that humans can aspire to and thereby relieve those anxieties. Haig uses Andrew’s learning experience with nudity to develop a larger criticism about the business-constructed boxes humans trap themselves in. Despite the amount of care humans put into how they look, Andrew finds them all ugly and repulsive. Thus, Haig highlights that beauty cannot be manipulated: It is present in the eye of the beholder, or it is not. Thus, Haig invites the reader to wonder about the value of standards-based beauty in the context of the greater universe.
This reflection is tied to Andrew’s observations about love between humans. He notes that love is weak in theory. Humans need an institution like marriage to uphold it, but even that code can easily be upended by divorce. With this observation, Haig asks the reader about the nature of human relationships. When Andrew meets his wife, there is an awkwardness to their connection. Though she is his life companion, and he is in a precipitous situation in the hospital, their relationship seems strained. Here, Haig foreshadows the truth of human Andrew’s behavior within the institution of his marriage, but he also foreshadows how much the extraterrestrial Andrew will learn about the power of love.
Lastly, Andrew brings up the issue of free will. He laughs at the idea that humans have a choice in what happens to them, knowing all he does about science of the universe. Humans do not have the control they think they do—Andrew’s mere presence proves that. Furthermore, Andrew was practicing free will when he walked around naked, but his arrest proves that he cannot control the way his life will unfold. Free will is a philosophy that has puzzled and inspired human beings for centuries, and the introduction of this concept in the first 10 chapters is the beginning of a longer conversation throughout the “report” about human’s desperation to find meaning in their lives.
By Matt Haig