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58 pages 1 hour read

Erik Larson

Thunderstruck

Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 2006

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Parts 4-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “An Inspector Calls” - Part 5: “The Finest Time”

Part 4, Chapter 1 Summary: “Damn the Sun!”

In New York, Marconi attends a banquet that is boycotted by scientists who doubt his claims. While the banquet is a success, it stands in contrast to the growing number of skeptics. Marconi’s fiancée breaks off their engagement, and he finds himself alone and surrounded by doubt.

Back in London, Marconi criticizes Preece and Lodge publicly, earning only more public ire. He has also made an accidental enemy in Kaiser Wilhelm, who believes Marconi blocked transmissions to Prince Heinrich’s ship, which is untrue. The Kaiser is working to change the laws so that all wireless systems can communicate freely. In this aim, he sends German military men to intimidate the workers at Marconi’s stations.

While aboard a ship, Marconi’s device signals the Cape Cod station, increasing the range to 2,099 miles, the greatest distance yet. The captain of the ship stands as a witness, and the receiver taps out a written code as a secondary verification. Further, Marconi discovers that transmissions travel further at night than in daylight.

In a demonstration aboard the Carlo Alberto to Italian King Victor Emmanuel III and Russian Tsar Nicholas II, the daylight effect impedes transmissions, and Marconi sets up an intermediary station. A telegraph company picks up the intermediary and copies the messages transmitting to the Carlo Alberto, which will be used against Marconi to great effect later.

Part 4, Chapter 2 Summary: “The Ladies Investigate”

In London, Belle’s friends become suspicious of Dr. Crippen because Ethel Le Neve is now wearing Belle’s furs and jewels. The Ladies’ Guild grows suspicious when Crippen fails to provide them with an address or the name of the ship Belle sailed home on. When pressed, Crippen provided his son Otto’s address as verification of Belle’s death in America. Otto responds that she died in San Francisco but knows nothing else.

At Crippen’s home on Hilldrop Crescent, Le Neve cleans out the mess Belle left behind. Meanwhile, the Ladies’ Guild watches Crippen and Le Neve build their life, growing ever more suspicious. King Edward VII dies with Halley’s comet overhead, a bad omen for the era.

Part 4, Chapter 3 Summary: “A Duty to Be Wicked”

Marconi now wishes to send detailed messages across the Atlantic. Two stations are complete, and the weather has improved. For 18 nights, no signals came through, and in London, his stock price is falling. Nevil Maskelyne, a magician, dislikes Marconi and has acquired the intercepted transmissions from the Carlo Alberto, which demonstrate flaws in Marconi’s secretive system. He reveals that Marconi’s transmissions were intercepted and that Marconi was misleading in his portrayal of events on the Carlo Alberto.

A back-and-forth published in The Electrician ensues, further tarnishing Marconi’s reputation. Finally, a signal makes it through after weeks of failed transmissions, and Marconi goes public to great fanfare. However, both he and his engineer Vyvyan are aware of how unreliable the system is for commercial use and how early in development.

Back in London, Marconi faces the “Vindex Challenge,” a call for him to be transparent in his transatlantic transmissions with overseers on both sides of the sea. Maskelyne devises a plan to go forward with the Vindex Challenge, albeit clandestinely. In Nova Scotia, the station freezes and collapses.

Part 4, Chapter 4 Summary: “Blue Serge”

In London, the guild members no longer believe Dr. Crippen’s accounts of Belle’s departure and death in America. They enlist the help of Superintendent Frank C. Froest of New Scotland Yard, who assigns Chief Inspector Walter Dew, nicknamed “Blue Serge,” of Jack the Ripper fame, to investigate.

Part 4, Chapter 5 Summary: “Rats”

Marconi’s reputation is badly damaged by Maskelyne’s attempts to discredit him. Fleming gives a lecture, during which Maskelyne sends coded messages through a hijacked wireless, which disrupts only a few of Fleming’s aids. Maskelyne’s plans are foiled by Fleming’s obliviousness to the intrusion. However, Fleming is so enraged by the attempted intrusion on his lecture that he makes the hijacking public, and in a back-and-forth with Maskelyne, the public sways toward the latter. As a result, Marconi does not renew Fleming’s contract with his company.

Part 4, Chapter 6 Summary: “Ah”

Chief Inspector Dew and Detective Arthur Mitchell visit the guild in pursuit of information about Belle. In his report on July 6, 1910, Dew suggests an interrogation of Dr. Crippen will resolve the matter.

Dew visits Crippen’s home and finds Le Neve wearing Belle’s broach, a jewel described by the Ladies’ Guild members as Belle’s favorite. Together, they travel to Crippen’s office, though their historical accounts of the encounter vary. When questioned, Dr. Crippen tells the inspector that as far as he knows, Belle is alive, to which Dew responds, “Ah” (306).

Part 4, Chapter 7 Summary: “The Girl on the Dock”

Marconi’s father dies, but he is too busy to go home. He stays immersed in his work throughout 1904 as he turns 30 and finds his reputation damaged in London and abroad. He meets Beatrice “Bea” O’Brien, a 19-year-old woman with whom he falls desperately in love. She denies his proposal for marriage, and he flees to the Balkans, contracting malaria. However, friends intervene and O’Brien relents to a second proposal, though she admits she does not love him. In Rome, reports circulate that Marconi is engaged to an Italian, and the O’Brien family is enraged.

Meanwhile, Fleming invents two devices to help regulate and measure wavelengths and informs Marconi. Lodge has launched a competitive wireless service to Marconi’s and is winning contracts.

Part 4, Chapter 8 Summary: “Hook”

In London, there is talk of war with Germany, with public opinion mostly asserting that Britons are not ready for war. Some blame immigration, crime, and a push from the country to the city. There is a general belief that manhood is in decline, and the Germans are aware of it. Peter Pan lands on stage in late 1904, capturing the public’s fascination.

Part 5, Chapter 1 Summary: “The Truth About Belle”

Dr. Crippen tells the New Scotland Yard detectives that Belle disappeared, as she had long promised to do, and that he covered her disappearance as she requested he do in her departure letter. The investigators tell Le Neve that Belle might be alive and that Crippen lied to her. Le Neve is visibly shocked. They return to the home, and Dew searches everywhere, finding nothing. He finds Crippen’s story credible. Once they depart, Crippen says the impending damage to Le Neve’s reputation will be disastrous and that he cares only for her.

Part 5, Chapter 2 Summary: “A Prisoner of Glace Bay”

Bea O’Brien and Marconi marry in March 1905, but O’Brien is unhappy, and Marconi is controlling and volatile. In London, he learns that his company is in financial turmoil. The transatlantic wireless endeavor is costly and produces little return on investment, with two stations already in need of rebuilding. Marconi’s quirks and controlling nature annoy O’Brien as they travel to Nova Scotia. He leaves her there for three months while he works, and O’Brien is unhappier still. After months of trial and error on his towers, he returns to get O’Brien and finds her with jaundice and depression.

Part 5, Chapter 3 Summary: “Liberation”

Le Neve and Crippen make moves to escape the scandal that will follow once it is announced that Belle’s death was a lie. Meanwhile, Dew sends a missing persons report about Belle to police stations across London. Crippen reveals that he bought boy’s clothing for Le Neve to disguise her during their escape. He cuts her hair and shaves his mustache, and they journey by public transport to Brussels under the name Robinson.

Part 5, Chapter 4 Summary: “A Loss in Mayfair”

Marconi invests his personal wealth in the success of the transatlantic endeavor as O’Brien falls ill during pregnancy and returns to London. She gives birth to a girl, Lucia, though Marconi is too busy to stay, and Lucia dies, greatly shocking O’Brien. Soon after, Marconi’s malaria returns, and he is gravely ill for months even as his company is in economic danger. Lodge and Maskelyne have their own competitive companies now, and Marconi’s company is losing contracts even as Britain approaches war with Germany. O’Brien has another child, Degna, who lives.

Part 5, Chapter 5 Summary: “An Inspector Returns”

Dew discovers Dr. Crippen and Le Neve have fled and puts out a notice to police and cab drivers for signs of the couple. Meanwhile, the “Robinsons” enjoy their stay in Brussels, unaware that Dew has already uncovered that Le Neve is disguised as a boy. They search the home again, this time digging up the cellar.

Part 5, Chapter 6 Summary: “The Mermaid”

Marconi and O’Brien are pregnant again, though their marriage is in turmoil. O’Brien meets Marconi at sea, appearing on his ship as if by magic, only to find him upset by her great act of love.

Part 5, Chapter 7 Summary: “The Mystery Deepens”

Digging up the bricks in the cellar, Dew finds human remains. Constables and Scotland Yard’s surgeon arrive. The body is dismembered in strange ways that remind the police of Jack the Ripper’s victims. There are no bones, hands, sex organs, feet, or head. Organs are well preserved, along with folds of skin. It would be hard to prove the parts that remain are Belle’s. In response to the horrific discovery, Dew releases photos and details about Crippen and Le Neve worldwide. Police visit shipyards, informing captains of what to look out for in the fleeing suspects, one of whom is now dressed as a boy.

Part 5, Chapter 8 Summary: “The Dynamite Price”

Marconi continues to work for the realization of his transatlantic dream. In 1909, he is awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics, though his company continues to suffer financially. He is accosted by skeptics and critics and does not understand why they don’t see the full potential of his wireless invention.

Part 5, Chapter 9 Summary: “Five Jars”

Mortuary workers collect the remains for investigation and Dr. Pepper, a famed forensic pathologist, began his investigation. He determines that only a skilled person aware of human anatomy could have removed human organs without damaging them. Detectives find bleached blond hair among the remains and know Belle to have dyed her hair. They also find a flap of skin bearing a long scar. Among the remains, they also find a piece of men’s pajamas and return to search the home again, finding the pants but no top.

Meanwhile, Le Neve is unaware of the search as Crippen keeps her from buying English-language papers. Crippen books passage on the Montrose under false names. Across London, newspapers cover the story in vivid detail, including details about the remains and the missing suspects. Winston Churchill himself authorizes a massive financial reward.

Dew meets with many who know Crippen, hearing repeatedly of his kindness and his docile nature. Dew cannot reconcile the Crippen he knows with the grisly sight in the cellar. Not since Jack the Ripper has the public been so engrossed in murder. Importantly, Dew learns of Belle’s surgery and informs Dr. Pepper to look for a scar among the remains.

Part 5, Chapter 10 Summary: “Testament”

Marconi is away when O’Brien delivers their son, Giulio. To inform her husband of the birth, she sends a wireless to hop across the sea from ship to ship until it finds him. This is a testament to the utility and reliability of the network.

Meanwhile, Crippen and Le Neve, in disguise, board the Montrose as father and son.

Parts 4-5 Analysis

Thunderstruck is comprised of a braided narrative that follows Marconi as he attempts to build a wireless empire and Dr. Crippen as he approaches a horrendous act that will propel him into the spotlight because of Marconi’s wireless technology. The two men never meet or interact. It is the perplexing and contradictory culture of Edwardian London that they inhabit that unifies them, drawing out similarities between the two strangers. Marconi is buffeted by skeptics, who demand proof of each claim and scream scandal when proof isn’t provided. Marconi believes his skeptics hold an outdated understanding of scientific advancement, one in which breakthroughs are openly shared for the advancement of science. Marconi is an outlier, favoring scientific exploration for financial benefit, illustrating The Battle Between Theoretical and Practical-Use Scientific Exploration. He sees scientific breakthroughs as commercial gains and feels ill-inclined to share his discoveries or offer proof. Scandals, thus, follow every claim he makes. He is tortured by the scandals his doubters create and attempts to placate them by providing witnesses and proof. He is very much a man of a later era, one in which commercial profits drive research and development, and corporate secrecy is key to beating out competitors. Driven by Obsession, he endures the skeptics and the scandal, knowing he will eventually win over everyone when his vision is fully realized.

Like Marconi, Dr. Crippen is a man stuck in a glass house. He desperately wants to escape from his overbearing and controlling wife, but because of the social norms of the era, he cannot divorce or abandon her. Just as Marconi must endure and placate his skeptics, Crippen must endure and placate his wife for fear of scandal. Public perception keeps Crippen from divorcing his wife. Once she “disappears,” Crippen claims that the fear of scandal is what propels him to invent the story of her departure and death in America: “The main question that now occupied him, he said, was how to avoid the scandal that would arise if the true reason for Belle’s departure ever got out” (226).

Although the book is based on a famous murder, by the conclusion of Part 3, there is no indication of murder. As Larson outlines events, Belle has fulfilled her promise to abandon Dr. Crippen and return to America, presumably chasing after Bruce Miller. Larson’s chronological display of events is depicted from Le Neve’s perspective as she claims to have understood events. Belle Elmore leaves Dr. Crippen, and soon after, Le Neve is free to openly live with and love Dr. Crippen. Meanwhile, Dr. Crippen does his best to avert scandal. Larson’s choice to reveal Le Neve’s view of events rather than attempt to depict Dr. Crippen’s proposed actions as reconstructed from police reports, autopsy reports, and testimony provides clues as to Larson’s intention with the book. Larson does not condemn Dr. Crippen outright for the murder but rather explains events from a perspective that jurors and the public found credible at the time, leaving the question of Dr. Crippen’s guilt to the reader’s discretion. It is not until Parts 4 and 5 that the details of the gruesome murder are revealed, shocking readers in the same fashion that Le Neve and Dew were shocked.

Larson carefully builds suspense through chapter titles like “Claustrophobia,” “Poison Book,” and “Disaster" in Part 3, suggesting bad news lies ahead. Larson, both as historian and storyteller, weaves a tale rich with foreshadowing, suggestion, and implication. At times, directly breaking into the narrative to warn readers that seemingly bland events will prove vital in hindsight: “One day soon, great importance would be assigned to every detail of what happened next. At the time, however, it all seemed utterly without significance” (223). In Parts 4 and 5, the suspense and foreshadowing are realized with the unearthing of Belle’s remains.

Larson’s characterization of Belle and Crippen highlights their opposing natures. Belle’s portrayal is unflattering. From the start, Larson asserts, she chose Crippen precisely because she could control him. She takes her manipulation of Crippen to extremes. In London, she dresses him and changes his name to Peter. Their “couple” friends are all from her Ladies’ Guild, and Crippen has no friends or associations of his own aside from his secretary. She threatens to leave him and keeps a photo of her male friend, Bruce Miller, in a public room. Belle spends money freely and is portrayed as ungrateful and hoarding. Meanwhile, Larson depicts Crippen as a husband who has given everything to a demanding wife, allowing her to spend freely, display a photo of her lover, and dress and address him as she sees fit. Larson’s depictions of the married couple provide Crippen, in the context of Thunderstruck, with motive as well as means but also slathers the narrative in sympathy.

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