40 pages • 1 hour read
Margaret AtwoodA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
“Time Capsule Found on the Dead Planet” alerts readers to the dangers of climate change and its eventual consequences for the earth and humanity. The story’s title clarifies that the rampant capitalistic industrialization perpetuated by its planet’s inhabitants has led to their extinction.
The story is a parable, a literary device similar to an analogy or metaphor where a simplified narrative carries a moral lesson. Atwood’s lesson is multifaceted, touching on individual issues such as faith, rationalization, greed, denial, and conformity, and on social structures such as industrialization, capitalism, and religion. At its core, this story is about the importance of taking care of the natural world.
During the narrative, the relationship between humans and the natural world changes dramatically. In the first age, humans are connected to the earth and treat it with respect; in return, it remains fertile and ripe, like a delicious fruit: “We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins” (Paragraph 2). At this time, birds, fish, and other animals thrive. The world is chaotic and life-bearing. This version of the planet contrasts with the one in the fourth age, when deserts have killed off the earth’s ability to produce: The planet has grown “tidy, because there were no weeds […] nothing that crawled” (Paragraph 6). Whereas before, the number associated with the planet was “millions,” now the people worship the number “zero” (Paragraphs 1, 6).
The movement here is from pathos to logos, or from an emotional, creative, natural world to one of cold, empty, ordered logic. However, the logic that praises deserts is a nihilism that results in the complete annihilation of all life on the planet: “there was no land left to grow food” (Paragraph 5). Rationalization disguised as human ingenuity leads to the end of the species.
“Time Capsule” identifies greed as the primary cause of environmental destruction. Before the advent of money, religious beliefs promote unity with nature and offer a defense against greed. However, once people invent money, religion morphs into the pursuit of personal success and wealth, glorifying the attainment of riches as “grace” (Paragraph 4). As a result, money becomes a new god with the power to destroy and create. In the name of acquiring more money, people who have it refashion the earth in a new quasi-Genesis where instead of building a world for life, they build it for death.
Atwood’s criticism has a Marxist element: She indicts the practice of unfettered capitalism. Unchecked growth driven by greed and the pursuit of capital blinds people to the consequences of their actions—the destruction of the natural world that sustains them. After its demise, people still cannot accept that they have made mistakes; rather, they rationalize their behavior by claiming that deserts signify order and wisdom. Atwood’s eco-socialist position warns that capitalism brings loss of connection, the glorification of zero, and the destruction of natural habitats.
This short story has a complicated relationship with religion. Many of Atwood’s novels focus on the evils of Christian fundamentalism and totalitarianism. Though Atwood herself isn’t necessarily anti-religion, she argues that the behavior, practices, and beliefs of many organized Christian systems runs counter to what their actual sacred texts preach (Stites, Jessica. “Margaret Atwood on Climate Change, Her New Book and Why Socialists Are Better with Budgets.” In These Times, 2015).
“Time Capsule” echoes Atwood’s nuanced perspective about religion. In the first age, religion is pure and natural: It connects people with the earth, celebrates nature, and humbles the people before animals that can do things people cannot. But as time progresses, greed and capital corrupt. People come to worship money, and eventually decide that those who have amassed the most wealth have an aspect of the divine as well. Unchecked greed leads ostensibly wise men to rationalize destruction, selfishness, and disconnection. This perversion of religion leads to the end of civilization and the death of all the people; only the last chronicler has a sense that their example offers a terrible warning.
By Margaret Atwood
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Canadian Literature
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Challenging Authority
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Climate Change Reads
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Earth Day
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Power
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The Future
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